Leslie Annexstein & Eileen Ordover Essay

The issue of equity is one that remains and will continue to be relevant to organization managers. This has been particular challenging in industries that have been associated with particular genders, cultures or demographics which has increased the factors affecting individual performance and participation in organizations (Reeve, 2005). As shown in the article for the study, the issue has shown a great sensitivity to developing issues while at the same remains as an effective benchmark of changes in social perspectives. The sentiment expressed highlights not only the role of management in equal employment opportunities. Leslie Annexstein, Eileen Ordover, Levon Esters, Blannie Bowen and Edward Reeve are given credit in particularly for their efforts in the empowerment of women, the disabled as well as bridging social disparities. However, there is also acknowledgement that even with such advancement in research, legislation and social policies, equalitarian ideals are still far from being realized. It is troubling to think that despite legislation and popular acknowledgement of the need and value of diversity and equal opportunity that such disparities would persist. Therefore, the challenge is one that has to be taken up not only in the interest of social responsibility but as a means of ensuring one’s own welfare in the future (pp. 5-6). How can there be real sensitivity for diversity, in particular for language, cultural and social differences? Are current standards and measures able to accommodate for developing needs? What is the long term consequence of the inability to address issues? How the issues impact individual members of society? Reference Reeve, Johnmarshall (2005). Understanding Motivation and Emotion. New York: John Wiley & SonsMook, D. G.

Independent Regulatory Commissions

Independent regulatory commissions are essentially boards and agencies with ties to the government, but entirely separate from the policy making process in order to achieve unbiased information and effective results. They are formed and given power by Congress to regulate a specific industry. Within specific authority granted by Congress, these regulatory commissions have the power to form and enforce their own regulations upon industry. Agencies like the FCC (Federal Communications commission) were created to help regulate the private sector. In 1934 Congress passed the Communications Act, which abolished the Federal Radio Commission and transferred jurisdiction over radio licensing to a new Federal Communications Commission. The FCC’s main mission and obligation is to â€Å"make available so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communication services with adequate facilities at reasonable charges. As stated by the legislation of the Communications Act it states that the FCC was created â€Å"for the purpose of the national defense† and â€Å"for the purpose of promoting safety of life and property through the use of wire and radio communications. Putting the FCC in charge of radio broadcasting and communications regulation our government should be able to get an accurate and unbiased report. Many of today’s regulatory commissions wer e created to be outside the power of both the president and the Congress in their operations. While these committees do get their power through the political process and legislation passed by congress, they operate and act with minimal ties to the national government. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is another one of these agencies. The FAA is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U. S. The FAA’s major roles include regulating U. S. commercial space transportation, regulating air navigation facilities' geometry and Flight inspection standards, encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology, issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates, regulating civil aviation to promote safety, especially through local offices called Flight Standards District Offices, eveloping and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft, researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics, and developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation. These regulatory commissions are an important part in overseeing our government’s actions. Government Corporation The Federal Government owned corporations are a separate set of corporations funded and owned by the Federal Government, which operate to provide publ ic services. But unlike the federal agencies, they have a separate legal personality from the Federal Government, providing the highest level of political independence. They sometimes receive Federal budgetary appropriations, but some also have other independent sources of revenue. An example of this is the United States postal Service. The United States Postal Service (USPS) is an agency of the United States government responsible for providing postal service in the United States. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. Independent Executive Agency Most independent executive agencies are established through separate statutes passed by the Congress, each providing a necessary statutory grant of authority that defines the goals the agency must work towards. These agency rules and regulations, while in force, have the power of federal law. Most executive agencies have a single director, administrator, or secretary who is head of the department. This leadership selection is at the will of the President. A god example of an independent executive agency is the CIA. The Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) min job is to coordinate the intelligence activities of certain government departments and agencies, collect, correlate, and evaluate intelligence information relating to national security, and make recommendations to the United States National Security Council within the Executive Office of the President.

Ateneo Entrance Exam Essay Essay

â€Å"I am pretty unextraordinary.† – Hazel Grace Lancaster (The Fault in Our Stars by John Green) This little line from one of my favorite books helped me start my journey of self-discovery. Before, I really did consider myself as someone very unextraordinary. To the world, I’m just an average girl that nobody will ever notice. Maybe I never will be noticed in an extraordinary way, but I’m determined to make my mark. But first things first, I had to discover myself and define who I really am. My first moment of self-discovery began, actually, when I first developed my love for books. And that moment happened way, way back when I was still a young child. Nothing made me happier than going to National, Power Books or Fully Booked to go see what new storybook, magazine or novel was available. To this day going book shopping, an activity most people my age would find as agonizingly boring, is an opportunity to expand my knowledge and vocabulary. The only thin g I need to improve on right now is, admittedly, my book choices. My Dad constantly reminds me to move onto more young adult publications and cut back on the children’s novels. Books are my first great love. Through them, I can go on fantastic adventures that become almost real in my imagination. I also relate to the characters in terms of their personalities and the things they do in the story. From the protagonist, antagonist and all the other characters in between, I can find someone or even something I can relate to in a book. My current favorite books are The Fault in Our Stars by John Green, where I have learned a great many deal of new words such as hamartia, toroidal, prototypical, narcissistic, bacchanalia and so many other terms that were once too sophisticated for me to understand until I looked them up in the dictionary. The Fault in Our Stars is a heartwarming and yet also heartbreaking love story of two young cancer-stricken teenagers who find their own little infinity together within their limited number of days. I’d tell you more but I wouldn’t want to spoil the entire novel. Second in my favorites list would have to be The Book Thief by Markus Zusak. Here, I saw World War II and the horrors of the Holocaust through a young girl like myself, who was unable to read and write until she was given to a foster family in Germany. Liesel Meminger then later befriends Max Vandenburg, a Jewish man who hides in her family’s  basement to escape the Nazis. Again, I will not spoil this great work and you will have to read it yourself. This book really strikes me as something that can really make us all question our humanity. As almost all of us know, the Holocaust in World War II was the most horrifying genocide in the entire world. Millions of men, women and children all executed just because of their religion. If you ask me, Adolf Hitler must have been both insane and blind. Did he not know that in World War I, approximately 96,000 Jewish soldiers fought for Germany? It pains me to think that Hitler did not remember that. The Book Thief is most definitely one of those war novels that will have you questioning mankind’s humanity. As for a favorite book series, I would have to say that the How to Train Your Dragon series by British author Cressida Cowell. I admit, it’s a children’s book s series but I really enjoy reading the books. The series is funny, compelling and the books have helped me fine tune my imagination. In fact, this beloved series has been turned into two films and a TV show. But I’ll tell you all about it later. Indeed, through reading books of all kinds I have discovered things about myself I didn’t even know were there. I discovered that I have a talent for writing and storytelling. And I have grown to love these two hobbies, which I hope that I can turn into a job by becoming a writer or a journalist when I grow up. Aside from reading, I have also experienced being in academic contests in my school where I have begun to define myself as an intellectual. One of those contests is the Essay Writing Contest the school has every year. I never really win any prizes for my compositions but it’s always so much fun to compete. Through essay writing contests, my writing ability is steadily honed and constantly improved with every essay I write. So part of my journey of self-discovery has been accomplished through the means of books and writing. The other part is, hon estly, what I’ve been recently obsessing about. â€Å"Everything we know about you guys†¦is wrong!† – Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III (How to Train Your Dragon Movie) That line from an animated movie by DreamWorks Animation has always been embedded in my memory. The first part of this essay focused on my love for books and how reading and writing have helped me discover who I am in terms of what I can do in this world. This part will now focus on who I truly am as a person. How to Train Your Dragon is a 2010 animated film directed by Dean DeBlois and Chris Sanders under DreamWorks Animation. Its story revolves around a  young Viking teenager named Hiccup (Yeah, I know. The name is pretty unusual.) who lives in the fictional dragon fighting island of Berk. In Berk, fighting dragons is as necessary as breathing air to live. However, Hiccup is the runt of the village and is physically unable to fight dragons and cannot live up to his father’s expectations. Incidentally, his father, Stoick the Vast, is the tribe chief. But when Hiccup creates an invention that shoots down an ultra rare dragon species known as the Night Fury and attempts to sl ay it, the young Viking then finds himself unable to do so. This then leads to him freeing it and establishing a forbidden friendship with the dragon, whom he names Toothless. In Hiccup’s world, befriending a dragon is the highest act of treason. And yet in the end, Hiccup and Toothless’ amazingly strong bond enables them to change the relationship between the dragons and Vikings of Berk. Yes, it is an animated movie. But it is not strictly for kids only. I had a real moment of self-discovery and self-definition when I watched this at my best friend’s recommendation. And I was immediately awestruck by the movie on so many levels. The detail on the animation was superb, the lighting was perfect, the music score was just phenomenally beautiful. But what really touched my heart was the story. I really relate to Hiccup. He is left-handed, physically not in the best of shape, intelligent and extremely different from the rest of his peers. I, myself, am also left-handed, physically weak, mentally strong and†¦different. I often look at my friends and other people and I can’t help but sometimes feel that I’m just too different. I don’t like all the things everyone else likes and sometimes I don’t even understand current trends and stick to the things I know. Like Hiccup, I am different. And also like Hiccup, I have embraced my difference. Thanks to this film (and its TV series and sequel) I have figured out who I am as a person. Everyone discovers a new trend and they all go along with it. Sometimes I do that but I’m more comfortable staying in my comfort zone. And when someone tries to change me, I steadfastly refuse to do so. I am an individual. And I am proud of it. I’m different from everyone else and that’s okay. Truth be told, we’re all different. We’re just scared to show the world our individualities. That’s  why I try hard to stay true to myself and make sure nobody and nothing turns me into something I am not. But I also remind myself to keep an open mind and broaden my horizons. When I experience new things, it helps me discover more interesting characteristics that help define myself as a person. And that’s exactly what Hiccup does. He accepts his individuality and tries to do things nobody has ever tried before. Throughout the film, TV series and sequel, Hiccup stayed true to himself and didn’t allow anyone to change him. If you must know, I have recently watched How to Train Your Dragon 2 and had another great moment of realization. In the second film, Hiccup is now a young adult and is currently trying to find himself. This is exactly what I’m doing right now, even as I write this. I apologize if this essay may seem haphazardly constructed. I must admit, my writing style does tend to confuse some people. But that’s essentially how I have defined myself as a person, through books, writing and dragons. And to tell you the truth, self-discovery and defining yourself as a person never stops. As the years go by, you will have more experiences, more moments that help you realize that there’s more to you than meets the eye. For me, I’m still pretty young so I still have a long way to go until I can complete my personal definition. In case some of you may not fully know me yet, allow me to tell you once again who I am. I am an individual with a love for writing, making stories, reading books, obsessed with dragons. And basically, I am different. And I am proud to be different.

Race Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Race - Movie Review Example With that said, a close look will be taken into Prime Time’s social experiment to identify issues that resonate on a personal level, and identify what lessons might apply well to everyday situations. To begin with, it was almost immediately that John (the white subject) gets instant attention from the salespeople that he comes into contact with while Glen (the black subject) is completely ignored even though he oftentimes appeared much more interested in buying merchandise than John. And more disturbing, one of the salesmen that completely ignored Glen but approached John instantly and eagerly, was black himself. In another scenario, a salesman begins to tail Glen rather than offer assistance to sell products to an interested consumer. At one point in the discussion, Glen expressed â€Å"an emotional price,† becoming discouraged by his interactions being so distinctly different from those of John. It was shocking to see evidence that black Americans pay almost twice what the average white American pays for automobiles, and even the treatment for how both men were offered the merchandise implicated a clear amount of discrimination. In another portion of the experiment, a building manager commented to John that the neighborhood was nice enough, â€Å"but they’re moving in,† and alluded to the fact that it wouldn’t be long before blacks became prominent in this part of the community. In Prime Time fashion, Diane Sawyer took it upon herself to directly question people who had been caught on camera displaying blatant racism to the black test subject, Glen. The answers given were essentially worthless as everyone denied any such discrimination. If this interview were to be applied to life today, one could be discouraged that racial interactions are so common that many people either will not even know that they are being racist, or they will deny any

Social Consequences of the War on Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Consequences of the War on Drugs - Essay Example Criminal justice system in America is currently struggling to deal with the criminal cases with respect to drug abuse. Majority of the jail inmates in America at present are related to drug crimes. Reported drug crimes are increasing at a rate of approximately 1300% every year. In fact officials in criminal justice system have no time to look into matters related to crimes related to other areas because of the flooding of drug crimes. Drug crime penalties and punishments should be increased drastically to prevent people from repeating the same drug crime again and again. Law enforcement agencies are partly self-financed in America and as a result of that they are less accountable to the public. In other words, drug war has been spread into civilian societies and drugs worth billions have been seized every year. Since drug abuse is more common among teenagers, public schools students in America need to undertake periodical drug tests inside their school campuses even if the school doe sn’t have the previous history of drug abuse cases. Even without search warrants, officials can conduct periodical checking in schools and school parking lots as a result of the current drug war policy. America is confined drug war in its territories alone. They know very well that collective efforts are necessary to counter drug abuse related problems in an extremely globalized world. So, they are trying to persuade other countries, especially neighbouring countries to take strong actions against drug abuse. Some criminologists argue that the creation of more prison capacity may create more crimes whereas limited prison capacity may force the people to stay away from criminal activities. It is a fact that correctional officials may refuse to accept new inmates of the facilities are not enough to accommodate more prisoners. In such cases, criminal justice system may force to reduce the imprisonment punishments and may focus more on providing other types of penalties. Such punishments need not be as effective as the jail terms. In short, construction of additional prison spaces to accommodate more drug criminals is necessary for the successful implementation of drug war. African Americans are more vulnerable towards drug related crimes compared to Whites. If the drug war continues in its present form for the next 10 years, 6 in 10 African American males in the age group of 18-34 will be in prisons. In other words, a substantial portion of governmental expenditure will be for increasing the prison capacities and therefore adequate funding may not be received by education and other social programs in future. Thus, construction of the healthy generation will become impossible in future as a result of the shortage of funds used for social activities and infrastructure developments. United States is one of the worst countries in the world as far as labour shortage is concerned. Increased imprisonment of teenagers for drug abuses may increase the labour shortage problem further. Majority of the drug related prisoners are sentenced for non-violent crimes. Sentences of drug related crimes are comparatively longer than that of other types of crimes. As a result of the long sentencing, drug criminals will become unemployed and marginalization in the society once they were released from

Shamoon incident at Aramco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shamoon incident at Aramco - Case Study Example This was the first malware used by the hacktivism front and hence the company’s network was not in a position to handle the complexity of this virus. Indeed, unlike other malware whose impact cannot overcome the antivirus set in the company’s network, the technology used in Aramco was way below that of the hackers. The network system in Aramco offers security to theft of data but has no capacity to handle annihilation manifested by Shamoon. In addition, the company’s anti-hacking and firewall software is incapable to deal with such technologically advanced malware like Shamoon. Moreover, the company’s IT and computer systems policies require a review. Sadly, the network system of Aramco allows multiple users to access both unclassified and classified information at the same time, which jeopardizes the security of the system as seen in the Shamoon attack. In addition, Aramco’s network allows its employees and expatriate employees to run information s ystems and then divulge such information that acts as leeway to cyber-attacks. Indeed, the company needs to review and update its IT policies and computer systems for purposes of dealing with such complicated malware as Shamoon (Mashat, 2012, p.1). Otherwise, the ease to access, lack of proper authorization, and use of ancient anti-hacking and firewall software, jeopardizes the security of Aramco’s network system. How the Attack Happened One group of hackers has claimed responsibility over the Shamoon attack on Aramco. The group, Cutting Sword of Justice asserts that the cyber-attack took place beginning Wednesday, Aug 15, 2012 at 11:08 AM and was complete within a few hours (Fisher, 2012, p.1). Although, this information is not certain, there are clear indications that lead to this assertion. Indeed, in the same day after Cutting Sword of Justice asserted this, Saudi Aramco confirmed that part of its computer system used by its employees is under cyber-attack courtesy of a c omputer virus. Alternatively, several antivirus vendors Kaspersky Lab, Symantec, McAfee confirmed the existence of such a virus and named it Shamoon or Disttrack (Higgins, 2012, P. 16). Indeed, the hackers took the virus from another computer package and dropped it off in the Aramco’s computer system. We may need to define the details of this virus to reinforce our understanding on how this attacked happened. Shamoon or Disttrack is a legitimate software driver with a digital signature inside its package. Specifically, the virus is referred to as W32. Disttrack and ha distinct security components. Indeed, W32.Disttrack has a dropper that played a major role in creating and providing the original infection. Subsequently, the dropper significantly dropped other modules in initiating the attack. In addition, the W32.Disttrack has a wiper whose main responsibility in the attack was to destroy the network of target system, Aramco. Moreover, the wiper has the capability to enable u ser-mode applications to read and write to disk sectors of other systems (Secretary of Defense Leon E. Panetta, 2012, n. p). As such, it is most applicable in overwriting the computer's Master Boot Record. Indeed, the wiper deleted all the existing drivers and overwrote the signed one in Aramco’s network. Most significantly, the W32.Disttrack entails a reporter, which was significant in reporting the success of the attack to the attacker. The reporter takes back all the details

Migration Project Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Migration Project - Research Paper Example It is difficult for Muslims to immigrate to America at present. Same way many of the gulf countries also started to control immigration in recent times because of the demographic imbalances it created in gulf countries. In short, migration is a controversial subject at present and that is why I decided to research more about this subject. Immigration is a difficult process now, especially to America. â€Å"Illegal immigration into the United States is massive in scale. More than 10 million undocumented aliens currently reside in the U.S., and that population is growing by 700,000 per year†(Kane & Johnson). Terrorism is causing big problems to America at present and therefore they are keen in reducing immigration as much as possible. This paper is written based on an interview I conducted with my own wife Amani Shami. I met her in 2009 at Saudi Arabia and married her in the same year. She is a student at Kent state university now. She came to America in 2010 after our marriage. Before coming to America, she has completed her graduation in Geography at the University of King Khalid, Saudi Arabia. As a new immigrant to America, I do believe that my wife can definitely help me to prepare this paper with respect to migration. Saudi Arabia, the country which Amani belongs is a periphery country. Countries can be classified as periphery, semi-periphery or core countries based on development, share of global wealth, strength of institutions, dependency on other countries etc. Even though Saudi Arabia is a rich country in the Middle East, it is periphery in nature when we compare it with America. Push and pull factors can affect immigration from one country to another. Land scarcity in home country, Political and/or religious persecution, Revolutions and Poverty are some of the push factors whereas Promise of freedom (religious and political), Hope for a new life, Industry Jobs, etc are some of the pull factors of immigration. In Amani’s case, Hope for a n ew life (Pull factor) forced her to migrate to America. It should be noted that America is the most developed and wealthiest country in the world and no other country offers the same freedom and liberties that America offers for human life. Apart from these factors, another factor which motivated Amani to migrate to America is the opportunity to live with her husband and complete her studies in America. The quality of education in America is comparatively higher than that in Saudi Arabia. Amani was actually failed to receive a job in Saudi Arabia because of stiff competition from others. It should be noted that majority of the Saudi youths are going abroad for getting quality education and when they return, companies often appoint them at the expense of domestically graduated students. Even though, Amani came to America as a student, the family reunion program helped her in a lot in visa processing. Even though she applied for green card first, the delay in processing green card app lications forced her to apply for a student visa. Getting a student visa in America is much easier than getting a green card now. Green card application processing may take 1 to 2 years whereas student visa processing may take less than 6 months in America. Amani faced little problems in entering America even though there are many complaints about the treatment of immigrants, especially Muslim immigrants at American airports. The authorities did not ask any confusing or

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 7

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example P.1). Tuckman theory of team formation and development is the most acknowledged model of team development and occurs in four stages which are forming, storming, norming and performing (Johnson 2010, P. 17). After the performing stage Tuckman developed another stage and named it as the adjourning stage (Edison 2008, P. 14). Meredith Belbin’s team theory analysis the roles played by team members depending on their characteristics and behaviors as well as interpersonal styles. Team performance is affected by its characteristics in regards to size, team norms, team cohesion, management styles, conflict resolutions approaches and feelings among the team members towards each other. Effective management is important for the success of the team. An effective team manager adopts different management styles depending on the arising situation in the workplace (Efere, 2003). There are several team management styles namely authoritarian style, democratic style, laissez-Faire Style, paterna listic, concertive style among others which a manager or a company can adopt (Efere, 2003). This paper will critically evaluate theories on team dynamics, formation, conflict resolutions, factors affecting team performance and offer recommendations for the management to improve teams in Electron Company if adopted. Introduction An effective team may is able to move to and from one stage to another. A company may change its strategy and therefore form different teams. Electron Company changed its management structure and team management to increase performances. Electron is a manufacturing company dealing with telecommunication components and is situated in United Kingdom, established in 1997 as a department and sold out ten years later in 2007 as the original company opted to subcontract its manufacturing department and that is why up to today the company is still the leading client of electron. The management structure was not changed. However the company did not perform as expecte d and this necessitated change in its production practices by escalating productivity, improved client services and improved team performance. A new management approach was introduced to help the different teams achieve productivity objectives in a period of two months and in addition the teams that were to meet their objectives, to all members were paid additional benefits. In the restructured format, new employees were employed on temporary basis while the old employees were distributed to all the teams to help the new members adapt into the company. The teams had the authority to establish their working norms which they would follow and the new team members we supposed to comprehend and follow the teams’ norms and values and therefore the teams were affirming concertive control on the newly employed. Team formation In an organization employees of a specific department work as a team or in some cases teams are established to perform a specific task. Evaluations of the teams are conducted periodically to determine their performance or set new goals after the team is formed it takes time to grow and mature to an efficient team. Several theories explain team dynamics and development and most sociologist point to relationship and personal characteristics of the members involved (Nazzaro and Strazzabosco 2009). Tuckman’s model of team development Tuckman's group development model pays

WEEK 4 INTL 6000 - RESEARCH PART 4 Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

WEEK 4 INTL 6000 - PART 4 - Research Paper Example KCNA, the North’s official news agency, announced it had no option, but to renege on the armistice, due to persistent war maneuvers by the US (Grinker 45). The current tensions re-started when KCNA declared that their military would invalidate the agreement, referring to the puppet forces in the South and the US imperialist’s violation of the armistice, citing the joint exercises as a declaration of war. This latest flare up, according to the author, comes from tough sanctions that were passed by the Security Council in the UN in response to continued nuclear tests, which North Korea carried out in spite of global condemnation (Grinker 46). This cold war era conflict continues to affect international political dynamics. To find the exact reason for the 2013 flare up of rhetoric from the North and the military deterrent drills by the South, it is important, therefore to trace the beginning of the conflict. This is because the rhetoric used by the North is reminiscent of the Cold War-era tactics that the country used. Therefore, it is certain that North Korea still views the South the same way it did then and that the conflict, for the North Koreans never ended (Armitage 32). Continued isolation by the North Koreans has seen them perfect their Cold War-era tactics that included the creation of a crisis, escalation of tensions, and extractions of concessions and payments to re-affirm their status. The current tensions are no different, as seen by the North’s reluctance to follow through on their rhetoric. This strategy has always worked for the North and it seems to be working this time, as seen by China’s and the US’s exhortation to go back to dialogue and the increased aid prese nted by the Chinese. The Chinese, who took over from the Soviets as the North’s main benefactor, continue to support their Socialist model and would not want to see the North fall to the American-backed South. For this reason,

Diagnosing The Change Essay Example for Free

Diagnosing The Change Essay Diagnostic models provide us with the tools to analyze the functioning of organizations. A variety of methods have been employed to ascertain the factors affecting the functioning of an organization; some looked at the internal factors, some at the external factors and some others a combination of these perspectives. No one model is â€Å"the truth,† but each offers its user the opportunity to view the operation of an organization from a particular perspective. (Ian Palmer) Burke-Litwin Model drivers of change: This model was chosen because it presents the outline of the external and internal factors that affects the organization, and its inherent changes in a balanced form. The model offers distinction between the transformational and transactional changes of the organization. This involves the responses of the organization towards the environmental changes. Transactional changes are those that mostly entail the qualities like the structure, the system, individual’s needs and values along with the individuals’ tasks and skills. However, the transformational change largely covers the changes with respect to the variations of the external environment in terms of organizational mission and strategy. â€Å"The four transformational factors are external environment, mission and strategy, leadership, and organizational culture.† (Ian Palmer) The following are some of the key points of this change model: External Factor: This factor embraces the markets, competition, legislation and economy. Both companies show evidence that they are adept at scanning their environment, a factor that enables them to plan and predict the recurrent changes that affect their organizations. Apple, at its best, has shattered the consumer electronics world and in the process has left competitors reeling, and it regained its lost market share and making its shareholders wealthy.

Factors Affecting Multinational Corporations Cost Of Capital Finance Essay

Factors Affecting Multinational Corporations Cost Of Capital Finance Essay This essay will consider the key factors which affect a companys cost of capital. The essay will analyse firstly the key components which contribute towards a companys cost of capital before going to consider how these factors differ for a multinational company as opposed to those operating within a single national market. In the first instance, the essay will consider the issue of the cost of capital with specific reference to multinational organisations, as such the research will use the definition of a multinational organisation as provided by Johnson et al (2008). Here the definition given is a multinational company is simply one which operates in several diversified geographic markets which spans the borders of more than national boundary. Every business is subject to the cost of capital, the cost of capital in essence represents the cost to a business of making use of the resources for which investors in various forms put into the business in the first place. The cost of capital is incurred through a variety of methods and includes interest payments and dividends, which an investor receives as a reward for investment within a business. For pragmatic purposes the cost of capital is usual expressed as a percentage, the most common expression being that of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). WACC is a useful way of analysing a companys cost of capital. Essentially WACC considers the relative costs of each of the component elements of the companys capital structure and then takes an average of those costs, based upon the relative weights of each component (Tennent 2008). Whilst companys may have many sources of finance, each of which have there own costs and nuances the cost of capital may be broken down into two major sources, namely debt and equity. Debt In a companys capital structure debt is usually one of the major components and consists of long term borrowings such as bank loans and other financial instruments such as bonds and debentures (Arnold 2007). The principal cost of capital with regards to the debt component of the capital structure is the payment of interest upon the capital borrowed in the first instance. In the case of a bond, interest rates are fixed at the issue of point of the bond with the company receiving a lump sum investment on issue in return for regular repayments of a fixed interest rate. On the other hand long term borrowing may have slightly more flexible approach to the cost of capital. The principal cost of long term borrowing is still an interest rate however, the borrower may opt to negotiate a fixed or floating rate of interest. Where a fixed rate of interest is agreed, then the cost of capital is also fixed for the duration and will operate like that of a bond or debenture. However, where the inter est rate is a floating one, then the parties will negotiate an initial rate but this will then be amended to reflect changes in the underlying interest rates issued by central banks. The question in relation to a multinational companies cost of capital which relates to debt is what interest rate will be paid. The answer would be a combination of the concepts of risk and central bank interest rates. A companys capital structure in itself also has an impact upon the companys cost of capital. In general terms, whilst debt funding is seen as a lower cost source of capital than that of equity (Bringham and Ehrhardt 2005) the cost of debt however, in its self is not fixed. Bringham and Ehrhardt (2005) indicate that as a company takes on a greater level of debt within its capital structure, future borrowings become more expensive. This is due to the fact that investors consider that as a company increases its levels of leverage, the company becomes a more risky investment and thus a higher rate of interest is required to secure future funding. In essence, one may consider that the cost of capital for a company will increase, where the company chooses to increase its leverage by obtaining that capital through debt. Equity Equity represents the component of the capital structure of a company which relates to those who have a direct ownership of a company, in other words stocks and shares and their derivatives (Arnold 2004). Shareholders are rewarded through firstly the payment of dividends which represents a direct cost to a business. Secondly shareholders will also expect to see capital gains in the share price representing a further non-financial cost of the cost of capital. As with the debt element of the capital structure, the cost of equity varies from company to company and from industry to industry. Bringham and Ehrhardt (2005) indicate that the relevant factors which will affect the cost of equity are risk, the risk free rate of interest and the return obtainable from alternative investment with a similar risk profile. In general terms, the cost of financing a business via equity is considered to be a more expensive option than financing a business through debt. This is due to the fact that in effect equity represents a permanent source of capital, once issued shares remain in circulation in perpetuity unless a special action is taken to buy back the shares. On the other hand all forms of long term debt have a redemption date, even if that date is at a point far into the future. Risk As has been identified one of the central contributing factors towards consider what affects a companys cost of capital is the concept of risk. At the general level risk is simply defined as concept of uncertainty (Business Link 2009), more specifically risk is usually associated with the concept of uncertainly manifesting itself in a negative format. The basic relationship between risk and reward for investors and companys alike is the consideration that in order to justify the taking of a higher level of risk, there must be the prospect of an increased level of reward. This may be seen as manifested on both the debt and equity side of the cost of capital of a companys capital structure. On the debt side of the capital structure, those companys that have high level of risk will be charged a higher rate of interest by banks or have to offer a higher rate of interest on bonds in order to obtain funding. As such, this pushes up the companys overall cost of capital. Bonds for instance are often given a credit rating, these range from government bonds which are often used as the risk free rate and those attract low interest rates through to low quality corporate bonds often referred to as junk bonds (Brealey et al 2006) and attract a much higher coupon rate for the risk taken. Risk is similarly incorporated into the cost of capital on the equity portion of a companys capital structure. Where a shareholder invests in what they perceive to be a riskier share then in return the shareholder will expect a greater level of return in the form of higher dividends and greater capital growth. The concept of risk is often incorporated in the cost of equity by considering what analysts refer to as a risk beta. Betas are in effect an expression of the perceived risk of a sector or specific company, 1 represents a risk which is no greater or lower than that of the average whilst a positive figure represents a company with a greater risk and a negative figure as one with a lower risk. As such those industries and companies which are associated with long term profitability and stability will have a low beta and thus a lower cost of capital. Whilst those operating in a riskier sector, or with a shorter record of performance will have a higher beta and thus a higher cost of capital. This can be demonstrated by comparing the relative betas of Coca-Cola, a long established and profitable company with a beta of just 0.6 (Reuters 2010 a) and Apple Inc a fashionable growth based company which thus has a beta of 1.41 Reuters 2010 b). As such one the essay has thus far identified that risk is probably the most important factor in determining the relative cost of capital for a specific company. The question now for those operating in the international business environment is what constitutes risk and how can risk be managed to affect the cost of capital. One key consideration is that of diversification. Diversification is a strategic decision and can take on numerous forms from product diversification (Jobber 2007) through to market and geographic diversification (De Wit and Meyer 2004). In general terms, investors usually consider that businesses which have a greater level of diversification have a lower level of risk than those who have a smaller level of diversification. The consideration is that diversified firms are protected against a fall in any single market or geographic region. The down side of this of course is that a firm trades of its ability to make a large profit where a single market experiences a surge or growth spurt. Empirical evidence would seem to support this theory, well diversified firms such as Unilever and PG having risk betas of 0.73 and 0.51 respectively (Digital Look 2010, Reuters 2010 d). National ratings may also be seen as a key consideration for risk where multinational corporations are concerned. Whilst on the whole geographic diversification may be seen as a way of reducing risk, this is not always the case. In many cases companies have chosen to invest in emergent markets such as China, Indian and South America. Whilst these may be seen as areas of key growth which generate the possibility of high rates of return. National ratings would also suggest that investments in such countries also pose significant risks and thus raise the cost of capital. For instance those doing business in China face significant risks over issues related to the protection of intellectual property (Panitchpakdi and Clifford 2002), whilst on the other hand other countries suffer from problems relating to political stability or other such areas of conflict. Interest rates Interest rates may be seen as one of the other key elements which affect the cost of capital for those operating in the multination business environment. At its most basic level one may consider that the relative cost of borrowing will reflect that of the base rate of central banks around the world. Thus when interest rates are on the whole low as they are at present in the UK (BoE 2010) the cost of capital will also be lower due to lower interest rates from long term borrowings. On the other hand were interest rates rise, then the cost of capital will also risk as banks and long term lenders beginning to require a higher rate of interest than previously. The multinational corporation does however, have a special consideration when it comes to the issue of interest rates and the companys cost of capital. Whilst a domestic company is wholly subject to interest rate fluctuations within their national market. There is the consideration that on a global scale interest rates are set locally to reflect national and regional interests. As such for the multinational corporation there is the consideration that the company can take advantage of such a divergence of interests by looking borrow or issue instruments in the countries which are exhibiting the lowest rate of interest on the behalf of central banks. For instance at present, many companies may be attracted either to conduct their business within the UK or to take out loans and issue financial instrument in the UK due to the low interest rate at just 0.5% which would have a positive impact upon the cost of capital. Alternative Investments The final consideration which will affect the cost of capital for a multinational company is the consideration of the yield that investors can achieve elsewhere. In general terms investors will choose to invest in an investment which yields the highest return for the given risk profile of the investment. As such a companys cost of capital will also fluctuate dependent on the performance of others within the sector, where the market as a whole has performed well then one would expect that the cost of capital on the equity side of the equation would increase. This is due to the fact that the stated company must be able to offer a similar return to those operating in the sector. Conversely where the performance of the market as a whole or of the sector is poor, then a companys cost of capital will decrease based upon falling expectations of investors in equities. Alternative investments must also be considered in the form of the risk free rate, the risk free rate being the rate one can obtain from investment in a high quality government bond. In general risking risk free rates will see risking costs of capital as investors are able to gain increasing levels of return at a lower risk elsewhere. Having considered the research posed in this paper, one may conclude that there are a wide range of issues which contribute to the overall cost of capital for a company. Despite these considerations, one conclusion is that the single biggest factor which contributes towards the cost of capital is the consideration of the level of risk for which a company is seen as exposing its investors capital too. As such the management of the cost of capital may in effect be seen as an exercises in the discipline of risk management first and foremost. In considering the cost of capital, one may also conclude that the multinational organisation has the ability to benefit from a lower level of the cost of capital through greater diversification and other risk reducing factors, which allow a company to reduce its risks.

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient CARE DELIVERY This essay will explore the effectiveness of the care delivered to one of the author’s service users whilst on clinical placement. This essay will demonstrate how the author developed therapeutic relationships through the use of appropriate communication and interpersonal skills in order to achieve this. Furthermore this essay will look at the formulation and documentation of the service user’s care plan involving the service user’s family and carers within a framework of informed consent. This essay will also evaluate and document the outcomes of nursing and other interventions. This essay will finally discuss the opportunities utilised and created to promote the health and well-being patients. In line with the codes of conduct for the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010), the author has sought and received voluntary and informed consent from the client whom the author will, for the purpose of confidentiality, be referred to under the pseudonym Alice Azonto. Further to this, all names and locations will be referred to under pseudonyms for the same purpose. The author will refer to Alice Azonto by her first name ‘Alice’ as is her preference. Alice is a 47 year old woman who attempted to commit suicide having taken an overdose of paracetamol following the death of her husband. She was rushed to a local hospital for medical attention when found by her neighbour and a good friend Dona in a semi-conscious state. Alice collapsed in her kitchen floor with empty sachets of tablets beside her and a suicide note addressed to her only son John who lives in a nearby city. It appeared that Alice has not been eating and drinking well. This resulted in weight lost and a chronic lung condition because of excessive smoking. It also appeared that Alice has been neglecting herself and there were signs she had made superficial cuts to her wrists. Alice was diagnosed of depression and was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act (MHA, 2007) when she refused to be admitted voluntarily following an assessment. Hospital environment can be very stressful for clients when they first arrive on the ward. Nurses need to engage positively with clients to develop therapeutic relationship. Barker (2009, p.36) argues that, therapeutic relationship empower clients to learn or cope more effectively with their environment. The nurse commenced a therapeutic relationship with Alice by initially introducing himself and addressed her by her preferred name. Alice was listened to and reassured by the nurse without any immediate advice or diminishing his feelings. NMC (2010) recommends that patients must be treated as individuals and respect their dignity. Alice was offered a daily 1:1 sessions with the nursing team which enabled staff identified his goals and wishes which were incorporated into his plan of care. Department of Health (DOH, 2006) asserts that 1:1 sessions are therapeutic; they enable the service user to engage well with staff as it empowers them to express their feelings and thoughts. A person-centred plan of care was devised in other to deliver effective care to promote Alice recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that treatment and care should take into account patients’ needs and preferences. It further suggests that people with depression should be given the opportunity to make informed decisions about their treatment and care together with their healthcare professional involved in their care. Different allied health professionals such as the psychiatrists, psychologists, GP, nurses, social workers, OT and other community care providers were involved Alice care because of the severity his complex mental and physical health needs. DOH (2004) the ten essential shared capabilities recommend that professionals, patients, families and carers should work in partnership to provide quality care. Consent was sought from Alice whether she wanted his son John to be involved in her care. Gaining consent is a legal aspect of mental health nursing and it shows that patients are treated with respect (Diamond, 2008 p. 234). Alice and her son were fully involved in every aspect of the plan of care. CPA (2008) recommends that patients, families and carers should be involved in decision making in regard to their care plans. The author and the nursing team provided Alice with vital information to promote her choice and to enable Alice to make informed decisions. To make sure Alice’s needs were still being met, the MTD reviewed her mental and physical health regularly and amended her plan of care accordingly with any significant changes. No Health without Mental Health (2011) affirmed that meeting service users other needs improves their quality of life and provides good well-being. Alice was initially nursed within eyesight observation which was later reviewed to general observation due to the nature of her illness and presentation per (NICE, 2005) recommendation. Alice had prompts, reassurance and full support from the nursing team in maintaining her personal hygiene needs. Alice had regular appointments with her GP to monitor her chronic lung condition and was also provided with bereavement support and counselling. NHS (2012) recommends that bereavement support should be offered to patients, carers, and families if they lose a dear one as it has impact on their mental health and well-being. Alice was made aware of options of treatment available to her as guided by (NICE, 2009). Food and fluid intake chart was also put in place to monitor her dietary. Alice was provided with the available social support networks and with the support of an OT Alice engaged in purposeful activities to help lift her mood up and promote her independence. New Horizons (2011, p. 136) suggests that occupational activities are therapeutic and they help patients to engage with staff and other patients on the ward and builds self-worth and confidence towards discharge. In addition to the antidepressant treatment, Alice also had the team psychologist inputs to help promote her prompt recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that, people with moderate or severe depression should be provided with a high-intensity psychological intervention i.e. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or Individual Personal Therapy (IPT) with a combination of antidepressant medication. Papageorgiou, C. et al. (2011) affirms that, one of the most widely known types of psychological therapy for depression is CBT, which combines both cognitive and behavioural techniques into an integrated whole. The nurse and the MDT have educated Alice on how to promote healthier lifestyles choices and provided Alice with information in the form of leaflets about her condition and range of information on smoking cessation so that she can make her own informed choice. Wrycraft (2009) argues that, mental health promotion is an activity healthcare professionals carryout as part of their everyday practice in their roles and do not realise they are engaging in such activity. However at other times they actively seek information about health promotion activities Staff facilitated these health promotions by strengthening the patients on the ward, they increased emotional resilience through 1:1sessions and negotiating with the patients to promote her self-esteem and coping skills. The MDT should review her plan of care depending of her progress.

Liquor Ads On Tv :: essays research papers

According to Antonia Novello, Surgeon General of the United States, in SIRS Government Reporter, the principle cause of death for those between the ages of 15 and 24 are alcohol related car crashes (1). Doesn't it make sense that we should concentrate our efforts into reducing this problem of alcohol abuse? Apparently DISCUS, the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, doesn't think so. Worsnop says that on November 7, 1996, they removed their voluntary ban of hard liquor ads on television and radio that had been in affect since 1936 (219). He then states that the removal came right after Seagram, a liquor company, advertised for some of their hard liquor on KRIS-TV in CorpusChrist, Texas (219). This movement is definitely a step in the wrong direction and action should be taken to reinstate this ban, but this time legally. First of all, the removal of the ban gave DISCUS a bad reputation. Already the four major TV networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, and FOX) have vowed not to air ads for hard liquor (Worsnop 219). DISCUS has also lost respect in the field of politics, especially with numerous congressmen and the President, himself. Worsnop said "Beer group representatives think DISCUS' announcement undercut its credibility in Washington" (219). Bill Clinton referred to the decision as "simply irresponsible" (qtd in Worsnop 219).Secondly, many of these advertisements for liquor have been said to target teens. However, Seagram's executive vice president of marketing strategy, Arthur Shapiro, said that Seagram had taken "great pains that our advertising doesn't appeal to or aim at children" (qtd in Krantz 1). This is not so, according to Katherine Prescott, who pointed out the use of animals and a graduation theme in Seagram's commercial. This seems to associate the use of alcohol with academic success when the two rarely coexist (Tannert 2). Clinton also expressed his concern that the ban may cause increased drinking among minors (Facts on File 492 vol 57). Even if teens were not targeted directly in an advertisement, Froehlich says "Teenagers are three times as likely as adults to respond to ads..." This is party due to their self-insecurity (Froehlich 1 Novello in SIRS Researcher 5).It has been suggested that in order to reduce teen response to advertisements, counter-advertising should be used. This is when advertisements are shown that discourage illegal or abusive use or products. Research projects showed that while advertising increased consumption, counter-advertising had a successful, opposite affect (Saffer 4).

A Comparison of Two Barbecue Restaurants Essay -- comparison compare c

The Best Barbecue in the South    Barbecue is one of my favorite foods. I have always enjoyed going into some greasy barbecue dive, listening to the blues, and feeling pretty cool. Two joints where I have eaten are Big D's Piggy Strut Soul Pit Bar-B-Q in Clemson, South Carolina, and Hy's Deli right across from the School campus. Even though both of these restaurants pride themselves on their barbecue, Big D's is obviously the better. As I walked into the Piggy Strut for the first time, I immediately noticed the different atmosphere. The sign at the entrance said, "Seat yourself if you want to eat here!" As I looked around, I saw some fat guy in the corner really jamming on an electric guitar. (I later learned that was Big D himself.) After much deliberation I decided to sit at the bar. Here, I ordered my sandwich and sat next to the cook after he made it. We watched cartoons for about an hour. Hy's Deli, on the other hand, had a sign that read "Please feel free to seat yourself" in the entrance. Next, I noticed everyone staring at me. There were ten or twelv... A Comparison of Two Barbecue Restaurants Essay -- comparison compare c The Best Barbecue in the South    Barbecue is one of my favorite foods. I have always enjoyed going into some greasy barbecue dive, listening to the blues, and feeling pretty cool. Two joints where I have eaten are Big D's Piggy Strut Soul Pit Bar-B-Q in Clemson, South Carolina, and Hy's Deli right across from the School campus. Even though both of these restaurants pride themselves on their barbecue, Big D's is obviously the better. As I walked into the Piggy Strut for the first time, I immediately noticed the different atmosphere. The sign at the entrance said, "Seat yourself if you want to eat here!" As I looked around, I saw some fat guy in the corner really jamming on an electric guitar. (I later learned that was Big D himself.) After much deliberation I decided to sit at the bar. Here, I ordered my sandwich and sat next to the cook after he made it. We watched cartoons for about an hour. Hy's Deli, on the other hand, had a sign that read "Please feel free to seat yourself" in the entrance. Next, I noticed everyone staring at me. There were ten or twelv...

Ohio Permits Test

As per Ohio's child restraint law, children who are under the age of four and weigh less than 40 pounds must be properly restrained in an approved child safety seat.  If a car approaches you with bright headlights, you must look toward the right edge of the road, to prevent being temporarily blinded.  When you vehicle starts to skid in winter due to icy road conditions, you must turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.   You must maintain a safe stopping distance between you and the vehicle ahead by following the four- second rule. On one-way roads, yellow lines are used as: left-edge lines Passing on the left is not permitted within:   100 feet of a bridge, viaduct or tunnel When you are closely following another vehicle at night, you must use: low-beam headlights When you intend to turn, you must give the turn signal at least__________before the actual turn. 100 feet This sign with two arrows allows:   vehicles from either direction to make a left turn On one-way streets, the driver may park a vehicle parallel to and not more than__________ from the right or left curb.   25 inches This sign in construction zones indicates: a flag person If your vehicle stalls while on the tracks and a train is approaching, you must:   get out of the vehicle and run as far away from the tracks as you can When you are approached by an emergency vehicle displaying flashing lights and an audible signal, you must: immediately drive to a position parallel to the right edge or curb of the road or highway and stop It is against the law to make a left turn on red light EXCEPT: from one one-way street to another You are allowed to drive in the left lane of the highway in all of the following situations, except: * when moving slower than the posted speed limit You must use headlights when natural light conditions do not make it possible to clearly see objects __________ ahead. * 1000 feet * On a multiple-lane roadway with several lanes in one direction, you must use_________ for passing. * the middle and left lanes All regulatory devices on the road instruct you: * to stop, proceed in a certain direction, or limit your speed * Because of their size trucks/buses often need to move ________to make right turns. * to the left lane * __________ are zones around a truck or a heavy vehicle where other vehicles disappear into blind spots. No-zones When is it legal to pass another vehicle using the shoulder of a road? * You are not legally allowed to pass using the shoulder of a road * The driver of the car being passed must _________ until the pass is complete. * not increase speed * A barrier of grass, concrete or other material separating two roadways, including interstate highways is known as: * a median * When you encounter a yellow arrow signal while turning left at an intersection, you must: * clear the intersection quickly Which of the following situations are ideal for overtaking and passing another vehicle on the right? when the vehicle you are passing is making or about to make a left turn * Black on orange signs on a highway identify: * specific information and directions to drivers in work zones * To avoid a head-on collision when you see an oncoming vehicle in your lane, you must: * steer right toward the shoulder or curb-line * A vehicle's stopping distance is equal to: * the sum of the braking distance and reaction distance * When you meet a truck coming from the opposite direction, keep as far as possible to the side to avoid a sideswipe accident and to reduce the wind turbulence between the two vehicles. High-beams reflect off rain, fog and falling snow. This makes it even harder for you to see where you are going. For better visibility during these weather conditions, keep your vehicle's headlights on low-beam. * A broken white line separates two lanes travelling in the same direction. Once you have signaled and if it is safe to do so, you may cross this line when changing lanes. * If your vehicle is hit from the side, your body will be thrown toward the side that is hit. When a vehicle is struck from the side, it quickly moves sideways.Everything in the car that is not secured, including the driver and passengers, will slide toward the point of crash, not away from it. * On approaching the modern roundabout, yield to vehicles and bicyclists within the circulating roadway. Look to your left to see if there is an appropriate gap in traffic. If one is not available, you may need to stop. Always enter the roundabout to the right and proceed on the right side of the central island * Aggressive driving is the operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property.If you notice a driver behind you repeatedly flashing headlights, you should not retaliate or in any way engage the other driver. Get out of the way. * When two vehicle s meet on a steep mountain road where neither can pass, the vehicle traveling downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing up until the vehicle going uphill can pass. The vehicle facing downhill has the greater amount of control when backing. * You must never begin to cross railroad tracks unless the tracks can be cleared without stopping. Never shift gears while crossing. When making a U-turn, drivers must yield the right-of-way to oncoming vehicles and pedestrians. You should never make a U-turn on a curve in the road or when approaching the crest of a hill or grade. * Large flashing or sequencing arrow panels may be used in work zones both day and night to guide drivers into certain traffic lanes and to inform them that part of the road or street ahead is closed. * If you are approached by an emergency vehicle in a roundabout, you must not stop or pull over for the emergency vehicle.You should continue on and exit as normal, then pull to the right, so there is room for the eme rgency vehicle to pass. * If the traffic signal is not operating or is malfunctioning, treat the intersection as a four way stop. The driver must come to a complete stop before moving further. * Avoid driving next to other vehicles on multi-lane roads. Someone may crowd your lane or try to change lanes and pull into you * Motorcyclists need a full lane width like other vehicles. Car drivers should never move into the same lane with a motorcycle, even if the lane is wide and the cyclist is riding to one side. An interchange is the connection of a freeway to a road or another freeway by a series of ramps. The connecting roadways allow you to leave one road and enter another safely, without disrupting the flow of traffic. * You may pass on the right only when the vehicle ahead is making a left turn or going straight. You must not pass when another vehicle is making a right turn. * When you turn your head to check the blind spots, make sure you keep the steering wheel straight; people h ave a natural tendency to turn their arms in the same direction as their head turns.

A town Torn apart by Nestlé

The Nestle Waters North Americas plans of building a bottled water plant in McCloud, California was faced by a number of conflicts both internally and externally. Despite Nestle’ company being in the fore front of creating jobs to the residents of McCloud region they were to pose several threats to the lives of people in the long run by depleting water resources.The residences of McCloud are against the Nestle’ waters plant, they argue that the plant will have a negative impact on the local hydrology. This made the residence to seek back-ups from wealth groups and reception of politicians all in the move of bringing to a stop the operations of Nestle Waters. Nestle Waters had to ignore the residence opposition and continue with their activities so as to prevail in McCloud so that it may improve the sale of bottled water in the U.S.The environmentalists claimed that the plant have a say in global warming given that it takes oil in the process of manufacturing bottles to be used to pack water. In addition, transportation of water from the plants to supermarkets utilizes much oil thus contributing to global warming. They have therefore united with the environmentalist in ensuring that the environment is protected against depletion (Conlin , 2008,1).Additionally, there was the organizational politics where some board members in McCloud were against the operation of the plant. This called for a voting to be done in order to find the winner. People had to compromise with the authenticity of Nestlà © plant, given that in the past it promoted infant formula over breast milk. Furthermore, the large size of the company will make it to suck out of the mountain in large quantities thus threatening the hydrology of the area.Competition has been the major conflict to the Nestle in their operation. Other competitors consider this company as a threat given that it has many resources which can make it fund larger activities. Even though the competitors also use w ater in there activities like the soda and beer industries. Apart from competition, the quality of water was another concern in view of the fact that it kept on declining due to toxic brew of pesticides, sewage and industrial run-off.This led to campaign for tap water instead of bottle water on the ground that it is not safe. Moreover, the plant produced large quantities of water per minute leading to drop offs in the flow level and this result to drought. In collaboration with the court, Nestle continued with its operation despite it’s effect of depleting the wetlands on claims that it assured generation of resources to the economy and this is what counts.There was also an organizational conflict where the members of board used to attack each other to the extent that the tires of one of the members were slashed (Conlin, 2008, 4).Reasons for divisionsThe conflict has divided the town into two due to the fact as some view the operation of Nestle’ having many shortcoming s like the competitors. It has provided employment opportunities to the jobless who had nearly lost hope. In addition, half of the residences are against the plant operation claiming that it results to depletion of resources and that Nestle’ requires more water for its company.For those who support the plant is because it has led to employment given that the region is more valuable and they were expectant of such a move. Some are against the plant on the basis that they were not consulted during negotiations and they opted to look for support from other sources especially politicians and wealthy men so that their view may be attended to.The deal was done with few board members giving no room for opposition who claims that water is for life and not for profit and yet Nestle company was after profits given that they sold there water 1000 times the tap water. Furthermore, they regard the plant to be more costly in respect to the benefits derived from its operation.The supporters believe that it help in generation of resources by creating more jobs that will boost the economy, the opposition feel that it is impossible to people to conserve water and later give room for a water plant. This led to lawsuits from those against the plant, thus the biggest challenge is of winning the support of the locals and Nestle’ Waters used to consider this in its plan.Upset residentsThe McCloud residents were upset during and after the September 29th Nestle meeting simply because they were not involved in coming up with the deal. They were eager to indulge in discussion and ask question so that a consensus may be reached after an interactive bargaining but that was not the case.In addition, they were not told the proposal but instead they were dumbfounded as the deal was signed without them knowing what was in it. They consider the move will lead to more droughts in the region given that the country was facing dwindling supply of water (Conlin, 2008, 3).

A day without technology Essay

How would you feel a day without using any technology? Living without technology will be totally impossible as this has become every day’s application as more and more people are gaining knowledge on how to make use of the communication tools to improve their ways of living and staying informed on the current technology to avoid being left behind. New technologies are being developed daily which shows that the industry will continue to grow and expand. People will continue using these technologies to improve their standards and to stay informed. Technology has influenced us in so many positive ways, from providing cellphones that can be used in the house, to around the world and provide so many other great features. With technology advancing every day the Market comes out with new phones with the latest styles. Now days a flip phone would be considered perhaps the plainest phone there is out there. When I was in elementary school I remember the first cell phone I saw was a medium grey phone that has a simple green background screen with black font. Couple months later, I recall my uncle buying a gray flip phone. This cell phone had a camera and had color. I thought it was way nicer then the first phone I had seen. As we see now flip phones are out, and the market hits us with more and more advanced phones. Like for example the touchscreens, androids, and the iPhone’s. As all this technology advances we want to get the latest and ask for more. Around the early 2000’s middle school students were rare to have cellphones. If we take a look now we see the elementary children even have cell phones. This has changed a lot throughout the years. My older sister which is now 23 years old never had a cell phone while living at home. I received my first phone when I was in 9th grade. My younger sister which is only 12 years old got her cellphone when she was started 6th grade. As we can see even the younger ones want the latest. thanks

Review Of Nebulization And Respiration Health And Social Care Essay

Relevant literatures refer to those that are of import in supplying the in-depth cognition needed to do alterations in pattern or to analyze a selected job. The related literatures for this survey are divided into the undermentioned classs. 2.1 Incidence, prevalence, causes and hazard factors of respiratory diseases. 2.2 Effectiveness of nebulization in kids with respiratory conditions. 2.3 Effectiveness of nebulization with O in kids with respiratory diseases.2.1 Incidence, Prevalence, Causes and Risk factors of Respiratory Diseases in Children:Every twelvemonth ARI ( including both upper and lower ) histories for an estimated 3.9 million deceases worldwide. It is estimated that India, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Nepal together account for 40 % of the planetary mortality load. On an norm, kids below 5 old ages of age suffer about 5 episodes of ARI per kid every twelvemonth, which accounts about 238 million onslaughts. ARI is responsible for about 30-50 % of outpatient visits to wellness attention installations and about 20-40 % of paediatric admittances to infirmary. It is besides a taking cause of hearing loss as a sequele of ague otitis media ( Vashishth, 2010 ) . Acute respiratory infections continue to remain among the chief causes of child mortality. Even in the general population, they are the taking cause of acute morbidities globally. Estimates suggest that the incidence denseness of ARI among under five kids in developing and developed states is 0.29 which histories for 151 million and 5 million new episodes each twelvemonth. India with 43 million bear the maximum brunt of respiratory diseases in the development states ( Sanjay Chaturvedi,2010 ) . A transverse sectional community based survey was conducted to find the prevalence of and the socio demographic factors that contribute bronchial asthma among kids aged 6-15 old ages in Mangalore ; India. Using random sampling technique, 559 kids were selected as samples. The prevalence of bronchial asthma was found to be 10.3 % with a higher prevalence in male childs ( 12.1 % ) .A important reverse additive tendency with increasing age, and a positive association with household history of asthma were besides observed in the survey ( Jain.A, Bhat.V, 2010 ) . A prospective cohort survey was conducted in Cochin, India to find whether anaemia is a hazard factor for childhood asthma. Two hundred kids between the age group of 2-18 old ages, with both anaemia and upper and lower respiratory tract infections were enrolled in the survey as samples. Hundred kids with anaemia were taken as the survey group and another 100 without anaemia were taken as control group. All the kids were subjected to probes like CBC appraisal, CRP appraisal, Mantoux trial and chest X ray. Pneumonic map trial was performed on kids above six old ages of age who showed the grounds of asthma. Peripheral vilification, serum ferritin and serum Fe adhering capacity were estimated for all anaemic kids. The survey found anaemia is a hazard factor for childhood asthma and anaemic kids were 5.75 times more susceptible to wheezing onslaughts when compared to kids without anaemia ( Ramakrishnan.K,2010 ) . An extended study was conducted in India to find the clip tendencies and overall prevalence of bronchial asthma in kids. The survey consequences showed that the variables like differences in samples, primary result variables, incompatibility in age class, rural-urban fluctuation, standards for positive diagnosing, and survey instruments confounded the result variables. The average prevalence was 4.75 % . Overall average prevalence was found to be 2.74. Childhood asthma among kids between the age group of 13 – 14 old ages was lower than that in the younger kids between 6 – 7 old ages of age. The prevalence was more in urban dwellers and in male kids. A broad inter-regional fluctuation in prevalence was besides observed by the research worker. The survey findings indicated that the load of bronchial asthma in Indian kids was higher than that was antecedently understood ( Ranabir Pal, 2009 ) . An extended study was conducted in Italy with the purpose of look intoing the effects of cars on asthma symptoms and to analyze the cogency of ego reported traffic exposure.33, 632 kids of age 6-7 old ages and striplings were enrolled in the survey. Data was collected by administering standardised questionnaire to the parents and besides by self coverage of exposure by kids. External and internal proof methods were used to measure the possible response prejudice of ego reported traffic exposure. The consequences showed that the kids populating in intense traffic countries are at increased hazard of respiratory diseases. As the features of the population were specific, the consequences of proof of ego reported traffic exposure were non generalized. ( Migliore.E, et.al,2009 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted to happen the association between cooking fuels and the hazard of respiratory disease in preschool kids in Lucknow, India. Mothers of 650 kids from 28 urban hapless vicinities were selected by utilizing random sampling technique. Respiratory disease was assessed by detecting the marks and symptoms. Exposures included the types of cookery fuels and continuance of their usage in the old hebdomad and other possible forecasters of respiratory disease. The point prevalence of respiratory disease was 14.5 % . Majority ( 56.0 % ) , of the households used wood as the cookery fuel. Other fuels used included kerosine ( 24.2 % ) , coal ( 19.2 % ) , LPG ( 15.4 % ) , and droppings bars ( 8.6 % ) . Use of droppings bars, as a cookery fuel was associated with respiratory diseases in the community. Other variables like age, weight, sex, household income, and family construction were non associated with disease. Use of droppings bars as cooking fuel and overcrowding increased the hazard of respiratory diseases ( Shally Aswathi, et.al, 2007 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted in Tanzania to find the effects of biomass fuels, wood coal and kerosine on ARI in kids under five old ages of age. Approximately 85 % and 15 % of kids were from biomass fuels and wood coal or kerosine utilizing places severally. Average ARI prevalence was 11 % . The prevalence of ARI across assorted fuel types used in cooking did non vary much from the national prevalence. The findings suggested that to accomplish meaningful decrease of ARI prevalence, it is necessary to hold a displacement from the usage of biomass fuel, charcoal/kerosene for cooking to clean fuels such as gas and electricity ( Kilabuko, 2007 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted to measure the load of respiratory upsets in rural India. The survey showed that poorness and unhealthy environment were strongly related to respiratory upsets. Bronchitis and asthma were the taking cause of respiratory diseases ; pneumonia and pneumonic TB ranked one of the five causes of deceases in rural India. Asthma and bronchitis prevalence rates in Karnataka, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh were above national norm. Prevalence of pneumonic TB was high in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat whereas Tamilnadu and Maharashtra recorded lowest prevalence. Though national broad wellness programs have succeeded in cut downing human death of respiratory diseases to a certain extent ; there is a great demand for improved and effectual area-specific wellness plans and societal and economic development in rural countries to accomplish the coveted wellness ends ( Ramanakumar.V, et.al, 2005 ) . A prospective community based survey was conducted in Greenland to place the hazard factors of acute respiratory infections in kids. Open cohorts of 288 kids between the age group of 0-2 old ages were included in the survey. All the kids were monitored hebdomadally for episodes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Analysis of hazard factors was carried out utilizing a multivariate Poisson arrested development theoretical account which was adjusted for age. Attending a child-care centre and sharing sleeping room with grownups were identified as the hazard factors for upper respiratory tract infection in kids. Hazard factors for lower respiratory tract infections included male gender, go toing a child-care centre, exposure to passive smoke, and sharing a sleeping room with kids aged 0aa‚ ¬ † 5 old ages. Breastfeeding was identified to be a protective factor for lower respiratory tract infections. The population attributable hazard of lower respiratory tract in fections associated with inactive smoke and child-care centres was 47 % and 48 % , severally ( Koch.A, 2003 ) . A infirmary based instance control survey was undertaken in Delhi, India to find hazard factors associated with terrible lower respiratory tract infection in under-five kids. 512 kids including 201 instances and 311 controls were enrolled in the survey. Healthy kids go toing Pediatrics outpatient section for immunisation during study period were enrolled as controls. On stepwise logistic arrested development analysis it was found that deficiency of breastfeeding, upper respiratory infection in female parent and siblings, terrible malnutrition, cooking fuel other than liquid crude oil gas, inappropriate immunisation for age and history of lower respiratory tract infection in the household were the important subscribers of ague lower respiratory tract infection in kids under five old ages of age. Sexual activity of the kid, age of the parents, instruction of the parents, figure of kids at place, anaemia, unequal thermal consumption, type of lodging were non identified to be important h azard factors of ague lower respiratory tract infection. ( Broor.S, 2001 ) . A descriptive survey conducted in United States of America found that respiratory diseases contribute seven of the top 15 grounds for sing a doctor among kids under 15 old ages of age. The survey besides found environmental baccy smoke as a broad spread environmental pollutant that has been linked with respiratory jobs ( Gergen.P, 2001 ) .2.2 Effectiveness of Nebulization in Children with Respiratory Diseases:A descriptive survey conducted to find the issues in the direction of wheezing in under 5 kids at community degree in India showed that wheeze are likely to vanish after 2-3 rhythms of inhaled bronchodilator therapy in one tierce to half of the kids. Nebulized beta-2 adrenergic drugs ( salbutamol ) were found to be the pillar of bronchodilator therapy for the intervention of wheezing in kids. These drugs can be given to immature kids by atomizers with an affiliated mask. Delivery of bronchodilators through a nebulizer driven by an electric compressor or O is an effectual and goo d established technique. However, the demand for electricity to run the compressor, deficiency of handiness of high flow O2 cylinders and high cost of equipment bound the everyday usage of nebulization technique in most primary wellness attention scenes in developing states like India. ( Gupta.P, Shah.D, 2010 ) . A randomised clinical test was conducted in Bangladesh to find the effectivity of nebulization with a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide over adrenaline nebulization in kids with acute bronchiolitis. A sample of 60 kids with age less than 2 old ages was divided into two equal groups. Group I received salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulization and group II received adrenaline nebulization. The intercessions were provided twice at 6 hours interval and post appraisals were done after 30 proceedingss of each nebulization. The consequences showed a important betterment in respiratory parametric quantities in both groups. However, L-adrenaline was found to be more effectual than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulization. ( Kadir. M.A, 2009 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted in Hyderabad, South India to determine the form of nebulization among the medical practicians in private scene in the community. A elaborate questionnaire was sent to 1,000 practising doctors consisting of 600 general practicians, 200 paediatric specializers, 150 medical advisers and 50 thorax doctors. The analysis revealed that the common drugs used for nebulization were: Salbutamol ( 80 % ) ; Budesonide ( 65 % ) ; and a combination of Salbutamol & A ; Ipratropium ( 60 % ) . Common indicants for nebulization in the community were: Acute Severe Asthma, Acute Exacerbation of COPD, Acute Broncholitis, Acute Exacerbation of interstitial lung disease and unexplained ague respiratory hurt. Nebulization in the place scenes were largely prescribed by chest doctors ; bulk ( 95 % ) of them prefer direct nebulization without O and merely 5 % used O to drive the nebulized drug. Pediatricians and chest doctors preferred to utilize a face mask whereas general pr acticians and internists used the oral cavity piece straight, without utilizing a face mask. Trained nurses or respiratory healers were available to oversee or learn nebulization technique in less than 5 % of scenes. Sing the pattern of nebulization, bulk ( & gt ; 85 % ) used atomizers for short periods and did non wait till the chamber was to the full emptied of the solution. Merely 10 % of practicians believed in uninterrupted nebulization ( Viggs.A, 2007 ) . A randomised dual blind survey was conducted in Thailand to measure the effectivity of salbutamol- ipratropium bromide nebulization over salbutamol nebulization.74 kids aged 3 aa‚ ¬ † 15 old ages were included in the survey. Children in the control group were administered with 3 doses of nebulized salbutamol -ipratropium bromide assorted with normal saline and the intervention group received 3 doses of ipratropium bromide.at an interval of 20 proceedingss. Respiratory parametric quantities were assessed at 40, 70,100 and 120 proceedingss after the intervention. The consequences showed that the per centum alteration in peak expiratory flow rate was high in intervention group without statistically important difference. The survey concluded that both salbutamol -ipratropium bromide nebulization andsalbutamol nebulization has similar consequence in bettering peak expiratory flow rate. ( Watanasomsiri.A, 2006 ) . A instance survey was done in Coimbatore sing the nursing attention of kids with lower respiratory tract infections. The findings revealed that repeated respiratory infections are common in kids and are likely to be among the most common complaints. Hyper reactive air passage disease is one of the major causative factors for lower respiratory tract infections in kids and a comprehensive nursing attention is indispensable to forestall the complications of lower respiratory tract infections in kids. ( Suganthi.S, 2005 ) . A quasi experimental survey was conducted in Haryana, India to measure the extra benefit of combined salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulization in acute asthma with moderate badness. Fifty wheezing kids between the age group of 6aa‚ ¬ † 14 old ages were taken and divided into two equal groups. Group I kids were nebulized with three doses of Salbutamol entirely and Group II kids were given combined nebulization of Salbutamol and Ipratropium bromide nebulization at 20 proceedingss interval. Children were observed at 15, 30, 60,120,180 and 240 proceedingss interval. The survey showed a important betterment in PEFR get downing from 30 proceedingss and enduring for the full survey period of 240 proceedingss in both the groups. ANOVA analysis showed a better consequence with 2nd group. The survey concluded that combined nebulization with Salbutamol and Ipratropium bromide was more good than Salbutamol nebulization in acute asthma of moderate badness ( Sharma. A, 2004 ) . A dual blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical test was conducted in New York to measure the effectivity of nebulization over metered dose inhalator therapy. Convenient trying method was used to choose 168 kids aged 2 -24 months as samples. The atomizer group received a placebo metered dose inhalator with a spacer followed by Ventolin nebulization and the spacer group received Ventolin by metered dose inhalator with a spacer followed by nebulization with isosmotic saline solution. Pulmonary Index Score and oxygen impregnation were measured ab initio and 10 proceedingss after each intervention. The consequence showed that the atomizer group had a significantly high mean in initial Pulmonary Index Score compared with the spacer group and the survey concluded that nebulizer therapy is every bit effectual as metered dosage inhalators with spacer for the intervention of wheezing in kids aged 2 old ages or younger ( Delgado.A, et.al,2003 ) .2.3 Effectiveness of Nebulization with Oxy gen in Children with Respiratory Diseases:An experimental survey was conducted with the aim of mensurating the FiO2 during O nebulization and jet driven nebulization and to compare those values observed with those steps during criterions oxygen therapy. The survey was conducted in corpse. An ET tubing was inserted into the distal tracheal appendage of a cadaverous caput and cervix specimen and was connected to a pump which simulates different respiratory forms. An electro chemical O analyser was used to mensurate FiO2 under different nebulization and O bringing conditions. The survey concluded that O bringing through rhinal device during air driven nebulization significantly increases FiO2 compared with standard O therapy ( Vincent Caille, Stephen Erbman, 2009 ) . An experimental survey was conducted in Mexico to compare the effectivity of salbutamol -ipratropium bromide nebulization with auxiliary O and salbutamol- ipratropium bromide administered in device of mensural doses with spacer chamber in handling wheezing crisis in children.45 wheezing kids between the age group of 1 to 12 old ages were included in the survey. Both groups received the proposed intervention 3 times at 20 proceedingss interval. The survey showed a important betterment in respiratory parametric quantities with salbutamol ipratropium bromide administered by devices of mensural doses with spacer chamber. The survey concluded that the disposal of salbutamol ipratropium bromide with devices of mensural doses was more effectual than its disposal via a atomizer with auxiliary O for handling kids with wheezing crisis. ( Castro.P, 2009 ) A randomised dual blind placebo controlled test was conducted in Turkey to measure the effectivity of salbutamol nebulization and ipratropium bromide nebulization in handling kids with moderate to severe bronchiolitis.70 babies admitted in the infirmary for the first clip with wheezing were included in the survey. The kids were divided into three groups having salbutamol entirely, ipratropium bromide entirely and placebo saline solution entirely via a atomizer supplemented with O at a flow rate of 6-7 litres per minute. Post appraisals were done at 30 proceedingss, 8 hours and 24 hours. The consequences showed a rapid betterment in respiratory parametric quantities in both bronchodilator groups than in the placebo group. But these drugs did non alter the natural class of the disease. ( Karaday.B, 2007 ) . A comparative prospective-retrospective cohort survey was conducted in Spain to find the effectivity of salbutamol delivered via a metered dosage inhalator with spacer and nebulization with O for handling acute asthma in children.580 kids below the age of 14 old ages were included in the study.Out of that 321 prospective cohorts were administered with salbutamol via MDI with spacer and 259 retrospective cohorts received salbutamol via an O driven nebulizer at a flow rate of 7 litres per minute. The survey showed that the figure of doses of inhaled bronchodilator needed, the admittance to the infirmary and the Numberss of kids necessitating a stay in observation unit were similar in both groups. The average length of stay in the exigency section was somewhat shorter in metered dose inhalator group. The survey concluded that the disposal of bronchodilators utilizing metered dose inhalator and nebulization have similar consequence in handling kids with acute asthma aggravation. ( Fernan dez, 2004 ) . A quasi experimental survey was conducted to measure the effectivity of nebulization with O in 21 terrible wheezing paediatric admittances over a twelvemonth period. All kids received three doses of nebulized salbutamol one time in every 20 proceedingss. Eleven of them received nebulization with O and the remainder received nebulization without O. Oxygen impregnation was measured along with clinical badness graduated tables during intervention. 3-5 % autumn in O impregnation was observed during intervention in the control group. At the terminal of intervention, the respiratory rate was somewhat higher in this group. No important autumn [ 0-1 % ] was observed in nebulization with O group. The survey concluded that hypoxemia during nebulization with air driven atomizers can easy be prevented by simple add-on of O beginning to the air recess of available atomizers ( Major. P. Singh Tomar, Lef Col A.R.Shurpali, Col.B.N.Biswal, 2004 ) . A quasi experimental survey was conducted in Thailand sing the flow rate of O for nebulizer therapy. The survey topics were stable COPD patients, in whom the hazard of hyperoxic induced hypercapnia is less than in the acute aggravation phase. The survey recommended that the COPD patients should have bronchodilator drug via the atomizer, particularly in acute aggravation phase, with O flow rate of 6 litre per minute and the medical forces must closely detect the patients for clinical marks of hypercapnia to forestall the jeopardy of C di oxide keeping ( Charoenratenakul.S. 1995 ) . In an experimental survey conducted in England, 10 patients with stable asthma were studied to see whether the flow rate used to drive a atomizer was clinically of import. Each patient received 1 milligram of salbutamol in 2 milliliter of isosmotic saline solution via a nebulizer driven by piped O at 8, 6 and 4 litres per minute on separate randomly allocated occasions. The consequence showed that the clip for nebulization was significantly longer as flow rate was reduced and there was no important difference in the response with bronchodilator intervention ( Hadfield.J.W, 1986 ) .

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, Essay

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, physical evidence) for the service offering on which you based assignment one - Essay Example It will provide the firm opportunities and to reduce the impact of threats. In this case, Holiday inn Hotel has to make adjustment of the traditional 4Ps marketing mix that entails product, price, promotion, and place and adopt more Ps, which include process, physical evidence, and people to achieve its marketing objectives. Useful marketing objectives must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely (SMART) (Wilson and Gilligan, 2004). The marketing objectives should be based on the situational evaluation of the environment of the company (Lambin, et.al. 2007). In this case, Holiday Inn should use its strengths to eradicate its weaknesses and respond to threats in the industry (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Moreover, marketing objectives should aim at exploiting market opportunities that will enable the company compete efficiently and attain a higher market share in the industry (Kotler, and Keller, 2011). The first marketing objective of Holiday Inn should be to enhance its presence in the upcoming markets such as China and Dubai by 15 percent in the next five years. The Asian market offers abundant growth and profitability opportunities due the high growth in consumer revenues, good infrastructure and growth in tourism numbers; therefore Holiday Inn should expand its presence in those markets. The hotel brand has huge financial resources and human talent thus it is possible to use its learning experience in the hospitality market to attain high market share in Asia (Ariffin and Maghzi, 2012). The second marketing objective for Holiday Inn is to increase the current bed occupancy by 25 percent in the next five years. The goal is specific and attainable since the global tourism travel numbers are increasing while the wealthy global economy will lead to a rise in international business travel. Previous research by Bowie and