How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Example for Free

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Traditional businesses are essential and important for a country. These reveals the lovely culture and habits of nation. These are the most attractive places where foreigners visit whenever they arrive to the land. Foreigners also buy traditional products which is difficult to be bought in their places and be placed at their home for their arrival and remembrances of the places where they visited. Not only for foreigners but also for local people, traditional products show how a person love culture and tradition of that nation. They play an important role in the standard of nation, so it is impossible for them to be disappeared although they get a little way to success. When a country becomes more developed, there is a lesser number of traditional business. The other business are favored and traditional businesses are transformed into these businesses because they are relatively more easy to succeed and can get more profit. Traditional businesses are made by humans and cannot be substituted by others. Therefore, they are too expensive for basic people to buy and use them. The other substituted things are processed by machines and standardized. They produce in large quantities and get economy of scale and can be sold in low price. The basic choose the cheaper one for their daily use how much they love their tradition. But the country is based on basic class, not on upper class. The demands go down and traditions have to depend on foreigners and upper class, especially. There is a little chance for every traditional culture business to survive although it cannot be disappeared from the market. All have to transform and innovate new things. Their management style, production process orientation have to be upgraded. Almost all traditional businesses are sole traders. Their finances, profession and ability to do are limited. Only the person who leads the business decide what to do, how to do and who have to do. The other member are not included in the decision, the other members of the family or the floor workers. They have to change this because ones profession is limited, the decision may be very fast but may not be as good as one deciding by many. They do not have any accurate documents. Some only have Cash Book, Debtors book and Creditors book. They never draw any financial statement and never check their income and expenses. Some firms may not have any of these, they keep the cash to the drawers when something is sold. And at the end of the day, they keep it to the drawer. And also their pricing, they set the price above the cost of production. Prices are not set stable. Customer has to have full knowledge to get goods with right price. The production processes are made to be smooth. Not all the processes let human make. Making traditional things must be made by human but aided by machine. It can lessen time, make lower cost of production and can control the quality. Machines are more accurate than human. For example, in the process of making pots, they are fired with woods by humans. Instead of this ovens can be replaced. They can be fired with accurate temperature and woods do not need. It can lessen the cost and wages can be reduced. To do these, technology is the key point. Nowadays, we do business in production orientation. We do the best, but we do not know what the customers need, we do not find what they want from us. We have to change into marketing orientation. We must find out what customer needs, how can we fulfill their wish. We have to research on the market. People are bored when they get the only one thing. They always want newest thing, they always seek in us. We have to make innovation based on the tradition. It is important to have great care not missing tradition. foreigners are main customers for the traditional market. Although we can produce the products, we are weak in market distribution. so, we should need organization to improve traditional business. we should make internet website about traditional business. we should make knowledge distribution of tradition to the local. we should connect with travel tourism .so ,they introduce to visit our industry. And we explain the production process step by step thoroughly .we should create the design update. In traditional job, main problem is rare raw material. If we meet this problem , we should think the another way to substitute with other.

Why the French Revolution was Just :: essays research papers

Louis exclaimed 'Why, this is a revolt.' 'No Sire,' replied the duke, 'It is a revolution.' These words were uttered by the duke and King Louis XVI when the peasants revolted into the Bastille. You may ask did the peasants have a right to do this to the king and the country of France. Yes, the peasants had a right and this is why the French Revolution was just. The 3rd estate was severely in poverty, even to the extent of on the verge of death. The poverty was so severe it can be considered fatal. The king treated the 3rd estate like crap. The 3rd estate was taxed heavily and was left hungry most of the time. Food was scarce and most of the time people were fighting even for the smallest scraps of food. The 3rd estate was forced into poverty so severely that they had no other option except to revolt and start a revolution, known as the French Revolution. A main reason why mostly peasants and people in the 3rd estate fought over food was because of the winter of 1788-1789. During this time, France experienced a heavy drought and much of the wheat and yeast used to bake bread was destroyed. This left a scarcity of the most eaten food in all of France. The price of bread soared over 600% what it used to be. A loaf of bread would be about $600 in time. This lead to an increase of crime and theft. This left many people hungry and starving. There were constant brawls and fights over scraps of bread. Louis XVI and Maria Antoinette ate all the bread they want. They did not give a darn about any of the people starving and begging for any kind of food outside their luxurious castle. They just sat there wasting money and eating all they want. This lead the 3rd estate down a road they had been before. The ?slaves? of the king and the tax payers. Taxes were so severe that the 3rd estate could hardly keep up. The king charged the 3rd estate with tax after tax. He taxed them just for they could spend it on some other ridiculous item for themselves. The king knew that the 3rd estate didn?t have the money to spare on taxes, but King Louis XVI did not care. Unfortunately, the taxes were put on the people who had the least amount of money, when the taxes should have been put on everyone in France in an equal way.

Dogs and Worksheet Essay

1. Why is the dog considered to be man’s best friend? * The dog considered to be man’s best friend because dog has a intellectual ability that dog can do tricks, dog can smell anything like bomb and dog can be our savior. They could physically and psychologically help their humans with hearing disabilities, would be more affordable, and would be very loving. They could alert their humans to sounds of doorbells, alarm clocks, electrical machines, telephones, the name of their humans (when someone calls them) car horns, babies crying, and fire alarms. 2. When rizal was executed in bagumbayan, the Spanish army brought a dog as a mascot which they thought would bring them good luck. What could be the breed of their mascot? * It is the * askal (asong kalye or street dog, today called aspin or asong pinoy) dog that was present when was executed. But when Rizal was executed the dog ran circles around Rizal’s body. Some Spaniards took this as a bad omen for the ongoing war for independence. 3. The dog in the execution picture above looks like a terrier, while Spaniards are known to prefer Spanish mastiffs (Mastin de la Mancha). How would you explain the discrepancy? * The dog in the execution not a terrier, I know there are many types of terrier but the dog in execution are maybe a beagle, airdale or a bloodhound dog. Beagle, airdale and bloodhound weighs up to 30 pounds, and can stands about 15 inches high that are similar in the picture of execution. 4. What kind of pet dog do you have? What tricks have you taught it? * I have a collie, named â€Å"lassie†. Collie is one of the intelligent dogs. Lassie can jump, sit, play the ball, sense of smell that is often used to track human beings, and she make good watchdog in our home. 5. Should dogs also be treated as children to be nurtured and protected? Briefly discuss your opinion about those who slaughter dogs for food. * We need to nurtured and protect our dog because dog are intelligence, can do any tricks, obey the commands and work for man. Dogs are affectionate, obedient, and lovable. Dog is not for food because dog has rabies(the most dangerous diseases that can transmit to humans) and dogs aren’t meat. We need to love, protect and nurtured our dog. Worksheet no.77 Martyrs 1. Compare and contrast the martyrdom of the 13 filipinos in cavite in 1896, with that of the La salle brothers in Almeria in 1936. * The comparison of thirteen martyrs and seven of the la sale brother in Almeria are both martyrdom in spain, were same put to death. The thirteen Filipinos martyrs were executed by musketry for alleged conspiracy to overthrow the Spanish government, and after about four decades there are another martyrs, these are the seven of la salle brothers in Almeria were put to death for teaching Christianity. They executed by the Spanish government to disobeying the law or conspiracy to them. They were linked to the conditions then prevailing in the country. 2. Which do you think is more noble, to die for one’s country or to die for one’s faith? Explain your answer. * I think is more noble to die for one’s country with faith to God because before to evade others, we need faith to god for goodluck in battles. Worksheet no.44 charisma 1. Cite an instance in the extant letters of rizal, or of this friends and acquaintances, when rizal took advantage of a woman through his charisma. If you cannot cite any, what does this indicate about rizal? * Blumintritt said Rizal’s â€Å"dozen women†, even if only nine were identified. They were Gertrude Becket of Chalcot Crescent (London), wealthy and high-minded Nelly Boustead of the English and Iberian merchant family, last descendant of a noble Japanese family Seiko Usui (affectionately called O-Sei-san), his earlier friendship with Segunda Katigbak and eight-year romantic relationship with his first cousin, Leonor Rivera. Rizal is a being genius or very intelligent and handsome man, they are charismatic to the women. 2. What should a man do if he feels he is not charismatic enough? (discuss your answer with your partner.) * If a man feels that he’s not charismatic enough, he should consult first his guy friends for some tips on how to be charismatic and secondly, he should improve his personality more as well as his physical appearance. 3. Who do you think is most charismatic: a man who very strong, very intelligent, or very handsome? (again, discuss this question with your partner and explain * Well, nowadays many girls would prefer something a man who is very handsome because looks can be deceiving and with your looks, you will have a great impact in girls because that’s the first thing they will remember on you.

Analysis Of Genesis, And Andromache - 1381 Words

In the contexts of their own time periods, both Sarah, in Genesis, and Andromache, in the Iliad, have similar roles in that they are both confined to the duties within the household. Despite these societal constrictions, both women find ways to exert some power and influence within their designated roles in society, but the degree of power they have varies. Sarah holds more power because God will â€Å"bless her† and will make her a part of his plan for Abraham, so she can manipulate events in the context of this plan, whereas Andromache is restricted by her husband’s moira because the society values the lives and honor of men to determine the status for women (Gen. 17.16). Both women are also able to have power over domestic servants within†¦show more content†¦6.451-452). Her life is centered around Hector because without him â€Å"there will be nothing left†¦only pain† (Il. 6.434-435). Without him she has no meaning to her life, as well as no one to take care of her because males are the heads of household in Athenian society. Her desire to keep him alive causes her to display power and try to convince him to change his fate. Although in the end she is powerless to change her husband’s destiny – because not even the God’s can change a person’s fate – the very act of her trying to appeal to him to change his beliefs demonstrates the tremendous amount of power and value that her opinion can hold when it comes to events centered around her husband’s life. If she did not have this power and her opinion was not valued at all, she would have stayed silent and let Hector’s actions do the talking. With her voicing her opinion, it conveys how although women are subordinate to men, they can still have an impact on them, even though they might not be able to change their fate. While Sarah has power like Andromache, it manifests in a different form. Andromache only has limited powers to try to persuade her husband, while Sarah holds the power to influence the plot line and to make her husband’s covenant with god come to fruition. Initially,

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian Prime Minister

William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874–July 22, 1950) was prime minister of Canada on and off for a total of 22 years. A compromiser and conciliator, Mackenzie King—as he was more simply known—was mild-mannered and had a bland public personality. The private personality of Mackenzie King was more exotic, as his diaries show. A devout Christian, he believed in an afterlife, and consulted fortune tellers, communicated with his dead relatives in seances, and pursued psychical research. Mackenzie King was also extremely superstitious. Mackenzie King followed the political path set by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier in emphasizing national unity. He also started a Canadian Liberal tradition of his own by setting Canada on the road toward social welfare. Fast Facts: Mackenzie King Known For: Longest-serving prime minister of CanadaBorn: December 17, 1874 in Kitchener, Ontario, CanadaParents: John King and Isabel Grace Mackenzie.Died: July 22, 1950  in Chelsea, Quebec, CanadaEducation: University College, Toronto, Osgoode Hall Law School, University of Chicago, Harvard University  Published Works:  Industry and Humanity, extensive diariesAwards and Honors:  MacKenzie received many honorary degrees and national and international honors. He is also the namesake for numerous roads, schools, and other public institutions.Notable Quote: Where there is little or no public opinion, there is likely to be bad government, which sooner or later becomes autocratic government. Early Life Mackenzie King was born into a struggling middle-class family. His maternal grandfather, whose name he bore, had been a leader of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, which aimed to establish self-government in Upper Canada. As a boy, the younger Mackenzie was encouraged to follow in his grandfathers footsteps. King was an outstanding student; he attended the University of Toronto and then went on to earn advanced degrees there and at the University of Chicago, Harvard University, and the London School of Economics. Early Career King was offered an academic position at Harvard but turned it down. Instead, he accepted the position of deputy minister of labor in Ottawa, where he developed a talent for mediating labor disputes. In 1908, King resigned from his position to run as the liberal candidate for Parliament, representing North Waterloo (his birthplace). He was elected in 1908 and was quickly given the position of minister of labor by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier. Laurier, however, was defeated in 1909, after which King took a post with the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States. Kings work involved investigation of industrial relations in the U.S. and it resulted in the publication of his 1918 book, Industry and Humanity. Elected Prime Minister of Canada In 1919, Lauriers death left an opening for King to be named the leader of the Liberal Party. In 1921, he became prime minister—although his government was made up largely of conservatives. A master mediator, King was able to muster a vote of confidence. Despite this success, however, a scandal led to Kings resignation in 1926. Just a few months later, after the new Conservative government failed, King once again became prime minister. He quickly took a leading role in securing the equality of self-governing nations of the British Empire (the Commonwealth). Second Stint as Prime Minister In 1930, King once again lost the election and, instead of leading Canada as its prime minister, he led the opposition throughout the Great Depression. In 1935, he was once again elected prime minister in a landslide victory and continued in that role until his 1948 retirement. He led his nation through World War II and, following his resignation, continued to sit as a member of Parliament. Louis St. Laurent took over as leader of the Liberal Party and Prime Minister of Canada in 1948. Some of Kings accomplishments included: Development of social programs such as unemployment insurance, old age pensions, welfare, and the family allowance.Leading Canada through World War II, surviving a conscription crisis that split Canada along English French lines.Introducing the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), which trained more than 130,000 aircrew members in Canada for the Allied war effort. King continues to hold the record for the most elections to the position of prime minister of Canada: he was elected six times. Kings Published Diaries While King was seen as a rather dull but competent bachelor and statesman throughout his life, in the 1970s his personal diaries began to appear in print. These provided a very different view of the man. Specifically, they revealed that Kings personal life was quite different from his public persona. In fact, he was a spiritualist who believed it was possible to talk with the dead through a medium. According to his diaries, King frequently worked with mediums to contact his dead friends and relatives. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Company, Thousands of pages of diaries, spanning half a century, exposed him as an oddball and eccentric—a lifelong bachelor who was extremely close to his mother, adored his dog, availed himself of hookers, and communed with the spiritual world. Death King died of pneumonia at the age of 75 on July 22, 1950, at Kingsmere. He was in the process of writing his memoirs. He is buried near his mother at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto.   Legacy King was a consummate politician and deal maker with the ability to mediate agreements between disparate groups over the course of decades. While not the nations most exciting leader, his longevity and consistency helped mold Canada into the nation it is today. Sources Pickersgill, John Whitney. â€Å"W.L. Mackenzie King.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 13 Dec. 2018.â€Å"Unbuttoned: A History of Mackenzie Kings Secret Life. CBC.ca, 24 Aug. 2018.â€Å"William Lyon Mackenzie King.†Ã‚  The Canadian Encyclopedia.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1692 Words

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that causes anxiety and distress due to an extremely terrifying event. PTSD occurs in people who have experienced an event that is life-threatening, terrifying to include seeing someone they personally know or don’t know endure death (Kalat, 2013, p. 383). Recently the Veterans Affairs Administration (VA) has seen significant rises in diagnosing and treating PTSD sufferers in returning combat soldier from Iraq and Afghanistan. According to the National Center for PTSD out of 100 veterans 20 are likely to return with PTSD symptoms (Veterans Affairs Administration, 2010). This is out of the roughly two million soldiers that have fought in the Iraq and Afghanistan war. It is noteworthy that†¦show more content†¦PTSD has an array of sub symptoms but in battle fatigue soldiers there are four main symptoms. These are avoiding situations that remind an individual of the event, changes in emotions and beliefs, reliving the event time and time again, and being hyper vigilant at home or social places (Olatunji, Armstrong, Fan, Zhao, 2014, p. 51-53). Avoiding situations for a soldier manifests in several ways. They may have reluctant emotions to go to crowded places, or loud places, avoiding celebrations that honor previous wars and avoiding those who were with them during the event. Negative changes in beliefs and feelings also have several triggers and factors. There are changes in their beliefs in war, morals and overall negative outlook on life altogether. This change is also a symptom of depression and is a co morbid disorder to PTSD. According to recent research not only are combat veterans dealing with symptoms but are highly susceptible to alcohol related problems and increase aggression. 36% of returning veterans from Afghanistan and Iraq had alcohol related issues, along with PTSD symptoms and physical aggression (Stappenbeck, Hellmuth, Simpson, Jakupcak, 2014, p. 65-66). With soldiers returning from excessive combat tours research shows they turn to alcohol as a coping mechanism (Stappenbeck, Hellmuth, Simpson, Jakupcak, 2014, p. 66). With consuming large amounts of alcohol to cope,

Security and Privacy Issues of VOIP and Skype

Question: Describe about the Security and Privacy Issues of VOIP and Skype. Answer: Introduction Voice over Internet Protocol commonly known as VOIP is a collection of methods and technologies to exchange voice and multimedia over the network which is the Internet. It allows communication to take place in the form of various services such as fax, SMS, video conferencing and many others (Vaishnav, 2016). Skype is a popular application that makes use of VOIP and has been developed by Microsoft. Skype allows instant messaging, file sharing, audio and video conferencing and a lot more and is widely used by the home and business users to connect with each other irrespective of their geographical locations. There are a number of security and privacy issues that are present in case of Skype and VOIP applications. Literature Review VOIP, Skype and the other applications and services that make use of VOIP make use of Internet Protocol for their activities. For the communications to take place over VOIP there is no dedicated telephone line or system necessary and the same brings down the cost that is associated with the services. The voice and data transfer capacity that comes with VOIP based applications is also massive. Ease of access, non-stop availability and lower costs are some of the features that come handy with Skype and other VOIP applications. However, with numerous advantages and benefits, there are a few risk areas that are also present with these applications. There are increased scenarios of data collision and congestions along with exposure to multiple security risks which may prove to be dangerous for the data and information being exchanged (Fontanini, 2016). Research Questions Following are the research questions that have been addressed and answered with the aid of the analysis and research done on the topic. What is the meaning of VOIP and Skype and what are the services that are provided by each? What are the confidentiality attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the integrity attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the availability attacks that have an adverse impact on the security and privacy of the information exchanged over VOIP and Skype? What are the measures that can be executed and installed to keep the security and privacy of the information unaltered at all times? Security and Privacy Issues There are three properties of information that must be kept safe and secure at all times and these three properties are confidentiality, integrity and availability. There are attacks that are executed that hamper these properties of data and information which in turn results in compromise on the security and privacy of the same. Confidentiality Threats Eavesdropping of phone conversation Skype and other VOIP applications work on the nodes that are present in this category of communication medium. Due to the presence of a huge number of nodes, an attacker gains access to any one of them and gets a chance to eavesdrop in the conversation or exchange taking place (Xin, 2016). Call Pattern Tracking There is often a pattern associated with the calls that take place over Skype or VOIP services in terms of time, frequency, participants and other factors. These patterns are studied by the attackers and valuable information in retrieved from the same. Data Mining Attacks Attackers acquire the phone numbers or credentials through intercepted message and then execute attacks such as spam calls, fraud messages and likewise (Park, 2016). Reconstruction Attacks A piece of information is acquired by the attacker through unauthorized measures and the same is reconstructed to give it a misleading shape. Integrity Attacks Integrity Attacks Message Alteration The messages that are exchanged over Skype or VOIP are often altered to provide them a different shape and the activity is done in an unauthorized manner. There are a number of entities that are involved in a particular call and these entities are added, deleted or modified by the attacker without the permission to do the same (Obidinnu and Ibor, 2016). Media Alteration The other form of the integrity attack is the alteration of the media. The media being exchanged over the VOIP channels is degraded, upgraded or modified without the required permissions to perform the same. Quality of the media is also hampered in this form of integrity attack (Lazzez, 2016). Availability Attacks Call Flooding The attacker introduces a lot of unwanted traffic on the communication channel which results in breaking down of the services (Sonkar, 2016). Media Session Hijacking Hijacking of the media sessions is often done in which there are unauthorized re-routing and alterations involved. These activities hamper the availability of the services. Server Impersonating The attacker in this form of the attack impersonates as the media server and acquires the trust of the clients. The request and response cycle that is followed by this activity results in disruptions in the availability of the information and services. QoS Abuse Bandwidth of the connections is often exhausted in these attacks and the same cause jitters and slippages which are considered to be a negative point as far as the quality of a particular service is concerned (Shaidani, 2016). Summary of Discussions Review 1 A blended technique has been received in the exploration by gathering the quantitative and also subjective strategy. Various elements have been utilized to ask about the data that is important to actualize the VOIP and Skype procedures in the association. The way of assaults can likewise be resolved with the assistance of gathering the data that is obtained from the different substances. Review 2 VOIP has picked up ubiquity among the clients in the previous couple of years and a great deal of work has been accomplished for the advancement of the administrations that are made accessible by the same. Likewise, there are various dangers that are additionally created by the pernicious elements to hamper the working of the same. There are assaults that are propelled in the expression of VOIP taking a gander at the enormous trade that happens over the medium. The achievement of these assaults permits the aggressors to get hold of the essential and imperative data that is connected with a specific association. These assaults are finished with the utilization of the system and the data security measures and are essentially executed to influence the classification, trustworthiness and accessibility of the data. Flooding, sniffing, dissent of administrations, message adjustment, media modification, listening stealthily and so forth are various such assaults that incur significant damage on the data security over VOIP. The countermeasures to these assaults are additionally grown at the same time to think of the system to moderate and control the effect of these assaults on the data. These measures are created on the premise of the assault and data classification. Issues that were not addressed and its Impact The research on the topic has been done well and the research questions have also been answered accurately. There could have been a little more explanation on the services and the procedure of the operations that are covered under Skype and the various VOIP applications that are present. These would have provided a better understanding of the topic and would have allowed the reader to be engaged in a better manner. Skype is the application that is used by a huge number of users and the functioning details of its services would have added to the knowledge and clarity of the reader about the topic. Lessons Learned There are a number of security and privacy issues that are present with VOIP and Skype. However, the same can be prevented by making use of the measures to avoid and prevent the same. There are various hostile to forswearing of administration measures that can be adjusted by the associations to stay safe from such assaults. The groups can make utilization of constraining of SYN rate or entrance separating also to stay away from the forswearing in the administration and keep up the accessibility of the data and correspondence at all times. There are also many stronger measures associated with the authentication methods such as use of multi layer authentication also know as two steps or three step authentications. Networks need to be monitored on a regular and constant basis by using measures such as network scans, network monitoring, intrusion detection and prevention. Encryption is a powerful technique that will stay significant even if the attacker succeeds in acquiring information from the communication channel as the attacker will not be able to break in to the encrypted information. The same will be of no use in this case. There are a number of legal and regulatory measures that can be adopted to prevent these attacks. A strong legal architecture will automatically minimize the rate and frequency of such attacks (Kulkarni, 2016). The first and foremost measures must never be ignored such as physical security, anti-viruses, installation of firewalls and likewise (Hung, 2016). Security reviews and audits must be a typical movement in the associations to have a check of the security systems that are taken after furthermore to comprehend the regions of change. VOIP and Skype are not dependent upon a particular device or an operating system to be accessed and can be used on desktop as well as mobile devices. These operating systems must be updated on a regular basis to make sure that the risks that are introduced specific to a particular operating system or to a particular version are prevented. It is also necessary to secure the wireless networks over which these applications and services are accessed. It is because these networks act as the prime source of the entry point for the attacker. Conclusion VOIP and Skype are the measures that provide the users an ability to interact easily with each other and perform other activities as well such as transfer of files from one system to another over the Internet. These mediums allow communications to take place in a cost effective manner and with non-stop availability and accessibility as well. However, there are a number of security and privacy issues that are associated with VOIP and Skype in the form of confidentiality threats, integrity threats and availability threats. These can be controlled and treats with the aid of a number of countermeasures that are now made available for the home as well as the business users. References Fontanini, P. (2016). VoIP Security. Brage.bibsys.no. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/143809/Fontanini_VOIP_Security.pdf?sequence=1 Hung, P. (2016). Through the looking glass: Security issues in VOIP applications. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.84.7089rep=rep1type=pdf Kulkarni, S. (2016). VoIP Cell Phones : Security concerns and Countermeasures. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper%5CVoIP-Cell-Phones-Security-concerns-and-Countermeasures.pdf Lazzez, A. (2016). VoIP Technology: Security Issues Analysis. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1312/1312.2225.pdf Obidinnu, J. Ibor, A. (2016). A survey of Attacks on VoIP networks and Countermeasures. Ajol.info. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajiar/article/viewFile/128074/117625 Park, P. (2016). Threats Against Confidentiality VoIP Threat Taxonomy. Ciscopress.com. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1245881seqNum=2 Shaidani, S. (2016). Attacks and Defenses Against Voice over IP (VoIP). Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/116/archive/fall2015/sshaidani.pdf Sonkar, S. (2016). A Review Paper: Security on Voice over Internet Protocol from Spoofing attacks. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.ijarcce.com/upload/may/A%20Review%20Paper%20Security%20on%20Voice%20over%20Internet%20Protocol%20from%20Spoofing%20attacks.pdf Vaishnav, C. (2016). Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): The Dynamics of Technology and Regulation. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://web.mit.edu/chintanv/www/Publications/MIT_TPP_Thesis_Chintan_Vaishnav_Final.pdf Xin, J. (2016). Security Issues and countermeasure for VoIP. Sans.org. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/voip/security-issues-countermeasure-voip-1701