Value and Risk Management in construction UAE

An Evaluation of Current and Potential Future Application of Value and Risk Management into Construction Project Management Professional Services in the Construction Sector in the UAEAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value and Risk Management in construction UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abstract: The UAE had an unprecedented boom in its construction sector between 2004 and 2008. This ended during the international financial crisis of 2008. As a result, the UAE Prime Minister issued a decree requiring all contractors to use green principles in construction projects. The high-end construction market responded by adopting stronger VRM practices. The state of VRM in the UAE is that it is growing in prominence. However, the professionals in the area are very few. In many cases, external consultants provide VRM services. The future of VRM in the UAE requires better training for undergraduate engineers, to supple ment the efforts of the existing postgraduate VRM professionals. General Structure of the Paper This paper has two main sections. The paper includes a literature review covering the essential background of both value management and risk management, and the result of the combination of the two, into value and risk management. The paper also presents the findings of a survey conducted to determine the VRM awareness levels of professionals in the construction sector in the UAE. The paper concludes by presenting the conclusions obtained in answer to the problem statement. Introduction The UAE is a regional leader in the application of VRM principles. This paper seeks to examine the issues that have an impact on VRM practices in the UAE and the implications of these issues for the future. The period between 2004 and 2008 will remain etched in the memory of the UAE as the heyday of the construction industry. In that time, value management did not command much respect because investors in the construction sector did not demand efficiency in their projects. They favored fast pace construction over cost management. The result of this attitude is that the UAE is now home to some of the most energy intensive skyscrapers in the world. Value and risk management is slowly finding its place in the construction sector. The rules have changed. It is no longer survival for the swiftest in the UAE, but survival of the fittest. This article examines the current state and future opportunities of value management in the UAE.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More VRM in the UAE In any business, value comes from business processes. The professional process of ensuring that a certain process yields maximum value for the stakeholder at the least cost is value management . The definition of value in this case is not just the financial value. Rather it is value in the context of the ba lanced scorecard, which covers the financial value, value from internal processes, value for the customer in question, and value in terms of transferable experience for the contractor . On the other hand, risk management is an active process of finding potential events or circumstances that can affect the progress of a project if they take place during the life of the project . The occurrence of risk must be uncertain. Otherwise, the event ceases to be a risk. Risks associated with the construction sector range from material defects to industrial action by workers. The cost of many construction projects is very high. This creates the need to manage risks as effectively as possible. Risk management involves the identification of potential events that will trigger the risk and determining the probability of occurrence of that event. After that, the risk manager quantifies the impact of the occurrence of risk-causing event on the project in terms of loss of life, time, money, and busin ess opportunities. It is possible to view risk management as a specialized form of value management because risk can erode the value of a project. It serves a preventative purpose. Value management on the other hand aims at increasing value from the processes by reducing costs or increasing the utility of the outcomes of the project . According to Karim, Berawi, Yahya, Abdul-Rahman, and Mohamed (2007) the value management process has three stages namely, value planning, value engineering and value analysis. Value planning takes place during the planning phase of the project. Value engineering occurs during construction, while value analysis takes place after the construction phase. Value analysis helps in the establishment of measures to ensure that the value gained during the value engineering process lasts throughout the useful life of the building. The risk management process involves risk identification, analysis, response, and monitoring . Risk identification and analysis take place during the planning of the project at the same time as value planning. Risk monitoring takes place throughout the active life of the project. The construction teams use risk indicators to monitor the risks. Risk response depends on whether the risk events take place or not. If a risk occurs, risk response takes place. The amalgamation of risk management (RM) and value management (VM) into risk and value management (RVM) comes from the relative similarity of the objectives of these two aspects of construction management. Focusing on RM only can erode value while focusing on VM only can introduce high risks to the project .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value and Risk Management in construction UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rising stature of VRM in the UAE is as a direct result of the events that took place between 2004 and 2008 in the construction sector . In 2004, the construction sector in th e UAE was experiencing unprecedented growth. The country was on the path to achieve its dream of becoming a transport, trade, and commercial hub in the Middle East . This led to an increase in the number of the immigrants looking for work in the Emirates. In addition, many traders were coming to the UAE to close business deals. The result was that the demand for housing and commercial buildings grew. The country saw the construction of an unprecedented number of new buildings to meet the rising demand. Since investment funds were flowing, the speed of construction became the driving force. VM was not central to project planning in the construction industry. The UAE ended up undertaking projects that delivered buildings with the highest energy consumption in the world . In 2008, the UAE economy went through a downturn occasioned by the global financial crisis triggered by the US real estate market . Since that year, there has been a growing appreciation of the role VM can play in the construction industry. The shift towards VM goes back to 2007 when Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Prime Minister of the UAE, issued a decree that ordered players in the construction industry to conform to a newly established green standard in their projects . The decree took effect in January 2008 just when the global financial crisis was hitting the UAE. From that time, there has been a steady increase in the number of construction companies using VM in order to meet project goals and the regulatory goals. Evidence in literature suggests that the current state of application of VRM in the UAE is uncoordinated. While there is widespread recognition of the potential saving the use of VRM can bring to projects, the practice is not widespread. It appears that the planning processes of construction projects do not include VRM. A case in point is the low-income housing project in Musaffah, Abu Dhabi in which VRM principles were not part of the planning process . Some of the design choices made by the project planners seemed unsuited for the construction projects. For instance, the houses contained some utilities such as gas-powered central heating, which is not fitting for low-income housing . In addition, the water tanks positioned outside on the roofs of the houses started malfunctioning after three years, yet the project requirements stated that the life cycle for each house was to be twenty-five years . The main contention resulting from this situation is that project planners did not carry out VRM with the users of the house in mind.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rather, the designers used uneconomical design options to raise their design fees since they charge a percentage of overall project cost. The current application of VRM in construction projects in the UAE is also a reflection of the little manpower available to conduct VRM. The VRM Survey Methodology A VRM survey conducted for this project revealed several issues regarding the current and future prospects of VRM in the UAE. The survey involved professionals working in the construction industry with decision-making responsibilities. Results The key findings of the survey were that only ten percent of the engineering professionals in the construction sector have any form of training in VRM, and none of the respondents have participated in a VM program. VM training in the UAE is available in postgraduate courses in construction management. The graduates do not all go to practice VRM hence the lack of involvement in any VRM project. The fact that most professional engineers in the UAE w ithout postgraduate qualifications have not formal training in VRM may indicate the low skill levels in the area of VRM in the country. Other findings in the survey showed that there is a general understanding of what RM is, but the views of respondents on VM did not demonstrate a strong grasp of the concept. When asked about their understanding of VM, most of the respondents used cost savings as the main issue in VM. The answers included phrases like, â€Å"help clients reduce costs†, â€Å"managing expenses in construction†, and â€Å"having the best quality with least money†. Forty percent of the respondents had no idea what VM meant. There seemed to be a perception that VM is part of project scope management because many responses included phrases talking about time, quality, and money. The responses for a similar question relating to RM showed a better understanding of RM in a project. RM is a core part of undergraduate construction courses hence it is not surprising that most of the respondents were articulate about RM. None of the respondents had any experience in analyzing the benefits of VRM exercise because none of them had participated in a VRM exercise. All the respondents felt that the application of VRM in the UAE should continue. The responses depended on their understanding of VRM in the first place. One respondent pointed out that VRM activities take place in large projects only. Therefore, there is a need to downstream the practice. Another respondent also added that the practice of VRM in the UAE is selective. The project managers choose to implement some elements and ignore others. This leads to low return from the VRM process, which requires implementations throughout the project cycle. Based on this survey, the need to make VRM conventional is obvious. If the professionals in the construction industry do not have a clear understanding of the basics of VRM, then the construction industry will not have people who can ch ampion for VRM. The best way to tackle this gap is to include VRM in the training curriculums of all construction courses. Even if this does not produce VRM consultants, it will empower these professionals to evaluate the benefits of VRM in construction projects. The current model where consultants carry out all VRM activities is not sustainable for nationwide impact. If project initiators do not want to spend money on consultants, a project does not benefit fully from VRM. Training all professionals in the industry to understand VRM will increase the appreciation and application of VRM in the industry. In conclusion, while the data available from industry sources such as The Oxford Business Group may suggest a vibrant VRM environment in the UAE, the data collected for this project shows that there are serious training gaps in VRM in the UAE. Industry publications are niche publications hence they may report in detail issues having an effect on a very small part of the overall envir onment. Conclusions The main conclusions from this project are as follows. VRM is increasing in importance in the UAE, partly because of intervention by the state, and partly because of the lessons learnt after the global financial crisis. The decree by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Prime Minister of the UAE that took effect in 2008 requires all construction projects to use green principles in construction. VRM is an essential part of ensuring all green projects meet the requirements of the decree. Secondly, there is inadequate capacity in the UAE to mainstream VRM across the construction sector. This conclusion comes from the survey conducted for the purposes of this project to find out the current level of manpower available to push forward the VRM agenda in the UAE. If UAE can train professionals at all levels, then it will improve the practice of VMR in the country. Thirdly, the Engineering Associations in the can play a part in mainstreaming VRM by conducting train ing seminars for all engineers working in the UAE. Currently the training levels of VRM are too advanced. Undergraduate engineers do not have the skills and experience needed to implement VRM in their settings. Finally, institutions of higher learning in the UAE need to include VRM as part of the coursework for all construction courses at undergraduate level. This will serve to increase the capacity of the country to make VRM a part of construction planning for all sizes of projects. References Abdellatif, MA Othman, AA 2008, ‘Improving the Sustainability of Low Income Housing Projects: The Case of Residential Buildings in Musaffah Commercial City in Abu Dhabi.’, Emirates Journal of Engineering, vol 11, no. 2, pp. 47-58. Davies, RH Davies, AJ 2011, Value Management: Translating Aspirations Into Performance, Gower Publishing, Surrey. Gordon, RJ 2012, ‘Is U.S. Economic Growth Over? Faltering Innovation Confronts the Six Headwinds NBER, vol 18315, pp. 1-23. Jaapar, A Torrance, JV 2010, ‘Contribution of Value Management to the Malaysian Construction Industry: A New Insight’, Faculty of Architecture, Planning Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Karim, SBA, Berawi, MA, Yahya, IA, Abdul-Rahman, H Mohamed, O 2007, ‘The Integration of Value and Risk Management In Infrastructure Projects: Learning from Others’, Quantity Surveying International Conference., Value Management Centre (VMC), Faculty of the Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumper. Koenig, M Meissner, J 2011, ‘Risk Minimizing Strategies for Revenue Management Problems with Target Values. ‘, Working Paper, Department of Management Science, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Press, Lancaster. KPMG 2003, ‘Internal Audit’s Role in Modern Corporate Governance’, Risk and Advisory Services, KPMG, KPMG, Hong Kong. Meredeth, JR Mantel, SJ 2011, Project Management: A Manager ial Approach, 8th edn, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Othman, AA 2005, ‘Value and Risk Management Protocol for Dynamic Brief Development in Construction’, Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 23-36. Othman, AA 2008, ‘Incorporating Value and Risk Managemen Concepts in Developing Low Cost Housing Projects ‘, Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, vol 13, no. 1, pp. 45-52. Siterman, E 2009, Value engineering in Dubai, https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-6484-value-engineering-in-dubai#.UK-MnuR1-OH. The Oxford Business Group 2008, The Report: Dubai 2008, Oxford Business Group, Dubai. This essay on Value and Risk Management in construction UAE was written and submitted by user Giancarlo Russell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Examples About Hemophilia

Essay Examples About HemophiliaEssay samples about hemophilia may seem like a strange topic for you to be reviewing. You are not a Hemophilia sufferer. However, an essay on the disease may help you to understand the way in which hemophilia affects the patient and help you learn more about the disease. Also, such an essay can give you information about Hemophilia treatments.Hemophilia is a group of blood disorders that affect the adult, not necessarily the child, male or female. A man with hemophilia can have his clotting disorder triggered by injury or stress, in a number of different ways. However, the blood cannot clot until there is some sort of damage to the blood vessel that the clot will form in. This can happen in a number of different ways, and many people do not even realize that they have the condition. For example, hemophilia can be triggered by injuries to the head, shoulder, abdomen, chest, arms, legs, or even the genitals.There are two main types of hemophilia - one is the congenital form of the disease, and the other is acquired hemophilia. Both types are debilitating to the hemophilia sufferer. They often need assistance with daily activities and must restrict their diet and activities to prevent bleeding. Depending on the level of hemophilia the individual has, his treatment may also vary.In adult hemophilia, the condition is rarely life threatening. In fact, it is usually only a nuisance and may require regular interventions to avoid the onset of serious complications. The most common complication of adult hemophilia is heart disease, but this is by no means the only problem. Problems associated with clotting may include lung problems, joint problems, and gastrointestinal problems. In severe cases, the hemophilia sufferer can suffer from blindness and even paralysis, all due to the lack of clotting.In a typical essay, an essay on the disease can use the patient's case as a focal point. In this way, the reader can get a detailed overview of wha t hemophilia is and how it occurs. When you are looking at the information from the perspective of the patient, it makes it easier to understand the person and the experience. A history, summary, and a description of how the disease affects the patient are all useful parts of an essay on hemophilia.Essays about hemophilia are sometimes used to explain why patients do not respond well to certain medications, or if they are even appropriate for certain types of hemophilia sufferers. This is useful information for doctors to be aware of when dealing with a hemophilia patient. In a nutshell, it provides the key information that is needed to determine whether or not a particular medication is suitable for a hemophilia patient.Finally, essays about hemophilia can focus on various types of research and therapies. For example, they may include data on clotting studies, wound care studies, and research done on aspects of the immune system. It is important to note that these samples are gener ally considered academic or research samples rather than samples about hemophilia.Essays about hemophilia are useful tools for physicians and nurses who work with hemophilia patients. This is particularly true if they are looking for information on disease-specific treatments. These samples will provide information on any treatments that may be recommended, and the length of time that they take to work.

depression1 essays

depression1 essays psychiatric disorder characterized by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, sadness, helplessness, and hopelessness. It is different then normal sadness or grief from the loss of a loved one because it is persistent and severe. Clinical depression has many related symptoms trouble sleeping, eating disorders, withdrawal and inactivity, self-punishment, and loss of pleasure. People that are depressed do not like to do things they may usually like to. Surveys that have been taken that show approximately 20 in 100 people suffer from depression at any one time. About one if four Americans will suffer from a depression over the course of their lifetime. Depression strikes men and women of all ages, in all races, but most studies indicate that women are more often afflicted. There are two major forms of depression that people get. One form is called depressive disorder. It is diagnosed only by episodes of depression. Episodes can be short or long but are usually brought about by an incident in a persons life. An example of this is if someone close to them dies. The other kind is called bipolar or manic depressive illness, it is recognized by alternating depressed and manic episodes. This is an actual brain dysfunction. In the major depression or the depressed phase of bipolar illness, a depressed mood predominates, even though the patient may not be aware of feeling sad. Typically, he or she loses all interest in activities. Symptoms include sleep disturbances, not able to concentrate or to make decisions, loss of appetite or greatly increased appetite, slowed thinking and decreased energy feelings of worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness, diminished sexual interest, and recurrent thoughts of suicide and death, sometimes leading a person to actually committing suicide. In the manic phase of bipolar disorder the patients behavior is bizarre and sometimes obnoxious. ...

History and Implications including Functionality Essay

History and Implications including Functionality - Essay Example Pascal, whose name was subsequently bequeathed to it though Chinese mathematician Yangsui generated it almost 500 years earlier than that. In China it became known as Yangsui's triangle while Persian astronomer-poet Omar Khayyam also studied it in some details.(Mathworld, Pascal's Triangle, 2006) Indian mathematicians like Pingalacharya also knew of it even earlier than the Chinese and all these shall be discussed subsequently together with some of this number triangle's unique properties. Though not much is known about how Pascal exactly came upon this number triangle it is obvious that since he was well-known as a mathematician, philosopher and religious figure in the France of that time he made it famous. This is one of his lesser-known achievements. He is much better known for his discovery of the constant pressure within a static fluid (Pascal's Principle). (Scienceworld, 2006) The first known description of a binary numeral system, that ultimately generates the triangle, is to be found in the works of Pingalacharya, the famous circa 5th century B.C. Indian scholar on prosody. He is supposed to be the younger brother of the more famous Sanskrit Grammarian Panini, whose grammar is still considered to provide the basic guidelines for that language. Actually, Pingala was exploring the listing of Vedic meters in short and long syllables when he came upon the system of binary numerals. His discussions of the combinations possible for the meters describes the binomial theorem. His works were later taken up by the 10th century Indian mathematician Halayudha whose commentary presents a form of the Pascal's triangle. It is described as the 'Meru-prastaara', as the rudimentary form of the Pascal's triangle was known then in Sanskrit. Pingala was also the first person to make mention of the Fibonacci Numbers, as they are known now. The paper shall touch upon the Fibo nacci numbers later on. In Sanskrit, as Pingala would have it, these numbers were known as 'maatraameru'. (Wikipedia, Pingala, 2006) It is noted here that Indian astronomers and mathematicians were quite advanced in those days and quite a few important concepts such as that of zero, attributed to

Privatisation in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Privatisation in UK - Essay Example Privatisation in the UK has been part of a broader strategy to increase the role of markets in former state industries, to change the means of public control (by substituting arms-length regulation for more direct political control) and to modify incentives to economic efficiency. This process has taken more than fifteen years so far, and will take longer still to come to come to full fruition. The Government's approach to Company Law Reform has been dominated by a desire to please sections of the business lobby. This has undermined attempts to deliver corporate responsibility. In November 2005, Gordon Brown announced his intention to scrap the Operating and Financial Review (OFR), which would have obliged companies to report on their social and environmental performance. It is thus inevitable to take into consideration the underlying system of national (corporate) laws that regulates this field or that suffers from proper implementation, reform or application. The law is directly related to the performance of management in the process of directing and controlling the company as a means of maximizing the residuals and the value of the company for its shareholders, including all the interested parties under the stakeholder concept: workers; management; buyers; suppliers; creditors; local government; and so forth. The key to this obviously lies in the way the company is cond ucted, as well as the capacity of its managers to keep a continuity of success, regardless of the economic circumstances and the problems of the company itself. Stronger government oversight is necessary. Accounting reports have to give a clear picture on the company's operation as well as of its financial structure. Application of company law may give rise to conflicts of interest between a company and the government law. The Trade Justice Movement and the Corporate Responsibility (CORE) coalition are calling on the Government to ensure new laws, which apply to UK firms hold company directors to account for the impact of their activities on communities, workers and the environment in Britain and overseas. 'Disclosure', 'transparency' and 'shareholder value' make up the framework of shareholding governance nowadays and are amongst the most common words in company law while treating with privatisation symptoms and while seeking ways to combat its ills. These institutions look "ideally" towards improved corporate governance standards (which is selfish), in particular on facilitating developing markets to re-establish competition (again persona l gain), gain investors' confidence (for company profit) and promote national economical growth (where they seldom allow intervention, which poses the problem of applying proper company law). Trying to seek easier and cheaper alternatives to counter competition companies are going haywire with their social responsibility that seldom adhere to UK company law even if it exists or find ways to seek loopholes (since they remain unaccountable). Like companies, producing palm oil in the UK is actually obtaining by driving rapid rainforest destruction in South East Asia. Over 500 UK companies have been trading in palm oil, most for more than a decade now without any UK company law to curb them. Yet despite high profile public campaigns about its impacts, virtually none of these companies can prove

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Example for Free

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Traditional businesses are essential and important for a country. These reveals the lovely culture and habits of nation. These are the most attractive places where foreigners visit whenever they arrive to the land. Foreigners also buy traditional products which is difficult to be bought in their places and be placed at their home for their arrival and remembrances of the places where they visited. Not only for foreigners but also for local people, traditional products show how a person love culture and tradition of that nation. They play an important role in the standard of nation, so it is impossible for them to be disappeared although they get a little way to success. When a country becomes more developed, there is a lesser number of traditional business. The other business are favored and traditional businesses are transformed into these businesses because they are relatively more easy to succeed and can get more profit. Traditional businesses are made by humans and cannot be substituted by others. Therefore, they are too expensive for basic people to buy and use them. The other substituted things are processed by machines and standardized. They produce in large quantities and get economy of scale and can be sold in low price. The basic choose the cheaper one for their daily use how much they love their tradition. But the country is based on basic class, not on upper class. The demands go down and traditions have to depend on foreigners and upper class, especially. There is a little chance for every traditional culture business to survive although it cannot be disappeared from the market. All have to transform and innovate new things. Their management style, production process orientation have to be upgraded. Almost all traditional businesses are sole traders. Their finances, profession and ability to do are limited. Only the person who leads the business decide what to do, how to do and who have to do. The other member are not included in the decision, the other members of the family or the floor workers. They have to change this because ones profession is limited, the decision may be very fast but may not be as good as one deciding by many. They do not have any accurate documents. Some only have Cash Book, Debtors book and Creditors book. They never draw any financial statement and never check their income and expenses. Some firms may not have any of these, they keep the cash to the drawers when something is sold. And at the end of the day, they keep it to the drawer. And also their pricing, they set the price above the cost of production. Prices are not set stable. Customer has to have full knowledge to get goods with right price. The production processes are made to be smooth. Not all the processes let human make. Making traditional things must be made by human but aided by machine. It can lessen time, make lower cost of production and can control the quality. Machines are more accurate than human. For example, in the process of making pots, they are fired with woods by humans. Instead of this ovens can be replaced. They can be fired with accurate temperature and woods do not need. It can lessen the cost and wages can be reduced. To do these, technology is the key point. Nowadays, we do business in production orientation. We do the best, but we do not know what the customers need, we do not find what they want from us. We have to change into marketing orientation. We must find out what customer needs, how can we fulfill their wish. We have to research on the market. People are bored when they get the only one thing. They always want newest thing, they always seek in us. We have to make innovation based on the tradition. It is important to have great care not missing tradition. foreigners are main customers for the traditional market. Although we can produce the products, we are weak in market distribution. so, we should need organization to improve traditional business. we should make internet website about traditional business. we should make knowledge distribution of tradition to the local. we should connect with travel tourism .so ,they introduce to visit our industry. And we explain the production process step by step thoroughly .we should create the design update. In traditional job, main problem is rare raw material. If we meet this problem , we should think the another way to substitute with other.

Why the French Revolution was Just :: essays research papers

Louis exclaimed 'Why, this is a revolt.' 'No Sire,' replied the duke, 'It is a revolution.' These words were uttered by the duke and King Louis XVI when the peasants revolted into the Bastille. You may ask did the peasants have a right to do this to the king and the country of France. Yes, the peasants had a right and this is why the French Revolution was just. The 3rd estate was severely in poverty, even to the extent of on the verge of death. The poverty was so severe it can be considered fatal. The king treated the 3rd estate like crap. The 3rd estate was taxed heavily and was left hungry most of the time. Food was scarce and most of the time people were fighting even for the smallest scraps of food. The 3rd estate was forced into poverty so severely that they had no other option except to revolt and start a revolution, known as the French Revolution. A main reason why mostly peasants and people in the 3rd estate fought over food was because of the winter of 1788-1789. During this time, France experienced a heavy drought and much of the wheat and yeast used to bake bread was destroyed. This left a scarcity of the most eaten food in all of France. The price of bread soared over 600% what it used to be. A loaf of bread would be about $600 in time. This lead to an increase of crime and theft. This left many people hungry and starving. There were constant brawls and fights over scraps of bread. Louis XVI and Maria Antoinette ate all the bread they want. They did not give a darn about any of the people starving and begging for any kind of food outside their luxurious castle. They just sat there wasting money and eating all they want. This lead the 3rd estate down a road they had been before. The ?slaves? of the king and the tax payers. Taxes were so severe that the 3rd estate could hardly keep up. The king charged the 3rd estate with tax after tax. He taxed them just for they could spend it on some other ridiculous item for themselves. The king knew that the 3rd estate didn?t have the money to spare on taxes, but King Louis XVI did not care. Unfortunately, the taxes were put on the people who had the least amount of money, when the taxes should have been put on everyone in France in an equal way.